A shekarar 1955, an fara aiki da Jilin Carbon Factory, kamfanin lantarki na graphite na farko a kasar Sin, tare da taimakon kwararrun masana fasaha daga tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet. A tarihin ci gaban electrode na graphite, akwai haruffa biyu na kasar Sin.
Graphite electrode, wani abu ne mai jure zafi mai yawa, yana da kyawawan halaye na gudanar da wutar lantarki da samar da wutar lantarki, wanda galibi ake amfani da shi wajen samar da wutar lantarkiƙarfe.
A bayan hauhawar kayayyaki gabaɗaya, electrode na graphite na wannan shekarar ba ya aiki. Matsakaicin farashin kasuwar electrode na graphite na yau da kullun shine yuan 21393/ton,sama da kashi 51%daga wannan lokacin a bara. Godiya ga wannan, babban ɗan'uwan lantarki na graphite na cikin gida (kasuwancin kasuwa ya fi 20%) - Fang Da carbon (600516) a farkon kwata uku na wannan shekarar samun kudin shiga na aiki na yuan biliyan 3.57, ci gaban shekara-shekara na kashi 37%, ya koma ga karuwar ribar uwa ta kashi 118%. Wannan nasara mai ban sha'awa ta jawo hankalin cibiyoyi sama da 30 don yin bincike a makon da ya gabata, daga cikinsu akwai manyan kamfanonin tara kuɗi na gwamnati kamar Efonda da Harvest.
Kuma abokai waɗanda ke kula da masana'antar wutar lantarki duk sun san cewa a ƙarƙashin hannun ƙarfe na haikalin amfani da makamashi sau biyu, yawan amfani da makamashi mai yawa da kuma gurɓataccen iska mai yawa masana'antu sun dakatar da samarwa da rufewa. Masana'antar ƙarfe a matsayin manyan kamfanoni dole ne su taka muhimmiyar rawa a lardin ƙarfe da ƙarfe na Hebei musamman. A cewar gaskiya, ƙarancin samar da ƙarfe, buƙatar lantarki mai siffar graphite shi ma zai ragu, tare da iya tunanin yatsun hannu, farashin lantarki mai siffar graphite dole ne ya faɗi ah.
1. Ba tare da electrodes na graphite ba, tanderun baka na lantarki ba sa aiki da gaske
Domin ƙarin fahimtar electrodes na graphite, ya zama dole a buɗe sarkar masana'antu don ɗan kallo. Sama, electrode na graphite zuwa petroleum coke, allurar coke samfuran sinadarai guda biyu a matsayin kayan aiki, ta hanyar shirye-shiryen tsari guda 11 masu rikitarwa,Tan 1 na lantarki mai siffar graphite yana buƙatar tan 1.02 na kayan aiki, zagayowar samarwa ta fiye da kwanaki 50, farashin kayan aiki ya kai fiye da kashi 65%.
Kamar yadda na ce, electrodes na graphite suna gudanar da wutar lantarki. Dangane da yawan wutar lantarki da aka yarda, ana iya ƙara raba electrodes na graphite zuwaiko na yau da kullun, babban iko da kuma babban ikoelectrodes na graphite. Nau'ikan electrodes daban-daban suna da halaye na zahiri da na sinadarai daban-daban.
A ƙasan kogin, ana amfani da na'urorin lantarki na graphite a cikin tanderun baka, silicon na masana'antu daphosphorus mai rawayasamarwa, samar da ƙarfe gabaɗaya yana da kusan kusan80%Daga cikin jimillar amfani da na'urorin lantarki na graphite, farashin kwanan nan ya fi faruwa ne saboda masana'antar ƙarfe. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da ƙaruwar adadin ƙarfen EAF masu ƙarfi sosai tare da ingantaccen aiki mai kyau, na'urorin lantarki na graphite suma suna haɓaka zuwa ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi sosai, wanda ke da aiki mafi kyau fiye da ƙarfin yau da kullun. Wanene ya ƙware a fannin?graphite electrode mai ƙarfi sosaifasaha, wacce za ta jagoranci kasuwa a nan gaba. A halin yanzu, manyan masana'antun lantarki 10 na graphite masu ƙarfin gaske a duniya sun kai kusan kashi 44.4% na jimillar fitowar lantarki masu ƙarfin gaske a duniya. Kasuwar ta fi mai da hankali sosai, kuma babbar ƙasa mai jagoranci ita ce Japan.
Domin fahimtar waɗannan abubuwa masu zuwa, ga taƙaitaccen bayani game da yadda ake yin ƙarfe. Gabaɗaya, an raba narkar da ƙarfe zuwamurhun wutar lantarkikumawutar lantarki ta baka: na farko zai zama ƙarfe, coke da sauran ƙarfen alade mai narkewa, sannan kuma babban adadin mai canza iskar oxygen, cire carbonation na ƙarfe mai narkewa zuwa yin ƙarfe na ruwa. Na biyun yana amfani da kyawawan halayen lantarki da zafi na lantarki na lantarki na graphite don narke ƙarfe da aka lalata sannan ya mayar da shi ƙarfe.
Saboda haka, electrode na graphite don yin ƙarfe na EAF, kamar PVDF don lithium anode, buƙatar ba ta da yawa (tan 1 na ƙarfe yana cinye electrode na graphite graphite 1.2-2.5kg kawai), amma ba zai yiwu ba tare da shi ba. Kuma ba za a sami wanda zai maye gurbinsa nan ba da jimawa ba.
2. Carbon guda biyu a wuta, an zuba ƙarfin lantarki na graphite
Ba wai kawai samar da lantarki na ƙarfe ba, samar da lantarki na graphite, shi ma masana'antar amfani da makamashi mai yawa da kuma yawan hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, faɗaɗa ƙarfin aiki a nan gaba ba shi da kyakkyawan fata. Samar da tan ɗaya na lantarki na graphite yana cinye kimanin tan 1.7 na kwal na yau da kullun, kuma idan aka canza shi zuwa tan 2.66 na carbon dioxide a kowace tan na kwal na yau da kullun, tan ɗaya na lantarki na graphite yana fitar da kimanin tan 4.5 na carbon dioxide zuwa sararin samaniya. Inner Mongolia ba ta sake amincewa da aikin lantarki na graphite a wannan shekarar ba, wannan hujja ce mai kyau.
Sakamakon tasirin carbon mai ƙarfi biyu da kuma jigon kore, fitowar lantarki mai ƙarfi na graphite a kowace shekara ya ragu a karon farko cikin shekaru huɗu. A shekarar 2017, farfaɗowar kasuwar ƙarfe ta eAF ta duniya, wanda ke haifar da buƙatar lantarki mai ƙarfi na graphite, masu amfani da lantarki mai ƙarfi na graphite sun ƙara yawan samarwa da faɗaɗa ƙarfin aiki, kuma lantarki mai ƙarfi na Graphite a China daga 2017 zuwa 2019 ya nuna babban ci gaba.
Abin da ake kira zagayowar, shine nama a sama, taliya a ƙasa.
Saboda yawan saka hannun jari da kuma samar da wutar lantarki ta graphite a masana'antar, wanda ya haifar da yawan hannun jari a kasuwa, wanda hakan ya bude hanyar da masana'antar ke bi, share kayayyaki ya zama babban abin sha'awa. A shekarar 2020, jimillar fitowar wutar lantarki ta graphite ta duniya ya ragu da tan 340,000, inda ya ragu da kashi 22%, kuma fitowar wutar lantarki ta graphite ta kasar Sin ta ragu daga tan 800,000 zuwa tan 730,000, ana sa ran ainihin fitowar wutar lantarki ta wannan shekarar zai ragu kawai.
Dare ɗaya kafin a 'yantar da kai.
Ƙarfin samarwa bai ƙaru ba, babu kuɗi (ƙarancin riba), farashin kayan masarufi yana ƙaruwa. Man fetur coke, allura coke kwanan nan a mako guda ya ƙaru yuan 300-600/tan. Haɗin waɗannan samfuran uku ya bar 'yan wasan graphite da zaɓi ɗaya kawai, wanda shine ƙara farashi. Kayayyakin lantarki na yau da kullun, masu ƙarfi, masu ƙarfi sosai sun ƙara farashin. A cewar rahoton Baichuan Yingfu, ko da farashin ya ƙaru, kasuwar lantarki ta graphite ta China har yanzu tana cikin ƙarancin wadata, wasu masana'antun kusan babu kayan lantarki na graphite, ƙimar aiki tana ci gaba da hauhawa.
3. Canjin ƙarfe, don sararin samaniya na graphite electrode buɗe
Idan iyakokin samarwa, hauhawar farashi da rashin riba su ne abubuwan da ke haifar da hauhawar farashin lantarki na graphite bayan zagayowar ta ƙare, sauyin masana'antar ƙarfe yana buɗe tunanin hauhawar farashin lantarki na graphite mai inganci a nan gaba.
A halin yanzu, kusan kashi 90% na fitar da ɗanyen ƙarfe na cikin gida ya fito ne daga yin ƙarfe na blast tanderu (coke), wanda ke da babban hayakin carbon. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da buƙatun ƙasa na canza ƙarfin ƙarfe da haɓakawa, adana makamashi da rage carbon, wasu masana'antun ƙarfe sun juya daga tanderu mai fashewa zuwa tanderu mai lantarki. Manufofin da suka dace da aka gabatar a bara sun kuma nuna cewa fitar da ƙarfe na tanderu mai lantarki ya kai fiye da kashi 15% na jimlar fitar da ƙarfe, kuma suna ƙoƙarin cimma kashi 20%. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, saboda wutar lantarki ta graphite tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga tanderu mai lantarki, tana kuma inganta buƙatun ingancin wutar lantarki ta graphite a kaikaice.
Ba tare da wani dalili ba ne ya kamata a inganta yawan ƙarfen EAF. Shekaru biyar da suka gabata, kaso na samar da ƙarfe a cikin tanderun lantarki na duniya na samar da ƙarfe ya kai kashi 25.2%, Amurka, Tarayyar Turai ƙasashe 27 sun kai kashi 62.7%, 39.4%, ƙasarmu a wannan fanni na ci gaba akwai sarari mai yawa, don haɓaka buƙatar lantarki ta graphite.
Saboda haka, za a iya kiyasta cewa idan fitowar ƙarfe na EAF ya kai kusan kashi 20% na jimillar fitowar ƙarfe a shekarar 2025, kuma aka ƙididdige fitowar ƙarfe bisa ga tan miliyan 800 a kowace shekara, buƙatar lantarki ta graphite ta China a shekarar 2025 ta kai kimanin tan 750,000. Frost Sullivan ya yi hasashen cewa aƙalla kwata na huɗu na wannan shekarar har yanzu tana da ɗan sarari don aiki.
Gaskiya ne cewa wutar lantarki ta graphite tana tashi da sauri, duk ya dogara ne akan bel ɗin wutar lantarki.
4. A taƙaice
A ƙarshe, na'urar lantarki ta graphite tana da ƙarfi a lokaci-lokaci, kuma yanayin amfani da ita yana da sauƙi, wanda masana'antar ƙarfe mai tasowa ke tasiri sosai. Bayan sake fasalin daga 2017 zuwa 2019, ta faɗi ƙasa a bara. A wannan shekarar, a ƙarƙashin ikon samarwa, ƙarancin riba da tsadar kayayyaki, farashin na'urar lantarki ta graphite ya faɗi ƙasa kuma ƙimar aiki ta ci gaba da ƙaruwa.
A nan gaba, tare da buƙatun canza launin kore da ƙarancin carbon na masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe, ƙarfe na EAF zai zama muhimmin abin ƙarfafawa don haɓaka buƙatar lantarki na graphite, amma canji da haɓakawa za su kasance dogon tsari. Farashi mai yawa na lantarki na graphite bazai zama mai sauƙi ba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-08-2021