A shekarar 1955, an fara aiki da kamfanin Jilin Carbon Factory na farko a kasar Sin bisa taimakon kwararrun kwararru na tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin tarihin ci gaban graphite lantarki, akwai haruffan Sinanci guda biyu.
Graphite electrode, wani babban zafin jiki resistant graphite abu, yana da kyawawan kaddarorin gudanar da halin yanzu da kuma samar da wutar lantarki, yafi amfani wajen samar dakarfe.
A bayan haɓakar kayayyaki gabaɗaya, na'urar lantarki ta graphite na wannan shekara ba ta da aiki. Matsakaicin farashin kasuwar lantarki na graphite shine 21393 yuan/ton,sama da 51%daga lokaci guda a bara. Godiya ga wannan, babban ɗan'uwa na cikin gida graphite electrode (kasuwar kasuwa fiye da 20%) - Fang Da carbon (600516) a cikin kashi uku na farko na wannan shekara yana aiki da samun kudin shiga na yuan biliyan 3.57, haɓakar shekara-shekara na 37% , komawa zuwa uwar net riba girma na 118%. Wannan gagarumar nasara ta jawo sama da cibiyoyi 30 da za su gudanar da bincike a cikin makon da ya gabata, daga cikinsu akwai manya-manyan kamfanonin tara kudaden jama'a irin su Efonda da Harvest.
Kuma abokan da suka mai da hankali ga masana'antar wutar lantarki duk sun san cewa a karkashin ikon ƙarfe na haikalin amfani da makamashi sau biyu, yawan amfani da makamashi da masana'antu masu gurbata muhalli sun daina samarwa da kuma rufewa. Ƙarfe niƙa a matsayin manyan masana'antu biyu dole ne su taka rawar gani a cikin Hebei baƙin ƙarfe kuma lardin ƙarfe ya shahara musamman. A cewar gaskiya, ƙarancin samar da ƙarfe, buƙatun lantarki na graphite shima zai ragu, tare da yatsun kafa na iya tunanin, farashin lantarki na graphite dole ne ya sauke ah.
1. Ba tare da graphite lantarki ba, lantarki baka tanderu da gaske ba sa aiki
Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da lantarki na graphite, ya zama dole don buɗe sarkar masana'antu don ɗan kallo. Upstream, graphite electrode to petroleum coke, allura coke biyu sinadaran kayayyakin kamar albarkatun kasa, ta 11 hadaddun tsari shiri,1 ton na graphite lantarki yana buƙatar ton 1.02 na albarkatun ƙasa, sake zagayowar samarwa fiye da kwanaki 50, farashin kayan ya kai fiye da 65%.
Kamar yadda na ce, graphite electrodes suna gudanar da wutar lantarki. Bisa ga ƙyalli na halin yanzu, na'urorin lantarki na graphite za a iya ƙara zuwa kashiiko na yau da kullun, babban iko da matsananciyar ƙarfigraphite lantarki. Nau'o'in lantarki daban-daban suna da kaddarorin jiki da sinadarai daban-daban.
A ƙasa kogin, ana amfani da na'urorin lantarki na graphite a cikin tanda, silicon masana'antu darawaya phosphorussamarwa, samar da karfe gabaɗaya yana lissafin kusan80%na jimlar amfani da na'urorin lantarki na graphite, farashin kwanan nan ya fi yawa saboda masana'antar ƙarfe. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da karuwar ƙwararrun ƙarfe masu ƙarfi na EAF tare da ingantaccen aiki mai tsada, wayoyin graphite suma suna haɓaka zuwa babban ƙarfi, wanda ke da mafi kyawun aiki fiye da ikon yau da kullun. Wanene ya mallakiultra high iko graphite lantarkifasaha, wanda zai jagoranci kasuwar nan gaba. A halin yanzu, manyan masana'antun 10 na duniya na ultra-high power graphite electrodes suna da kusan kashi 44.4% na jimlar fitarwa na ultra high power graphite electrodes a duniya. Kasuwa tana da ɗan taƙaitaccen bayani, kuma babbar ƙasa mai jagora ita ce Japan.
Don ƙarin fahimtar waɗannan abubuwan, ga taƙaitaccen gabatarwar hanyar yin ƙarfe. Gabaɗaya magana, ƙarfe da ƙarfe narke ya kasu kashifashewa tanderukumawutar lantarki baka tanderu: na farko zai zama baƙin ƙarfe tama, coke da sauran smelting alade baƙin ƙarfe, sa'an nan kuma babban adadin oxygen hurawa Converter, da narkakkar baƙin ƙarfe decarbonization a cikin ruwa karfe steelmaking. Sauran yana amfani da kyawawan kayan lantarki da kayan zafi na graphite electrodes don narkar da tarkacen karfe da mai da shi karfe.
Saboda haka, graphite lantarki ga EAF karfe yin, kamar PVDF ga lithium anode, da bukatar ba yawa (1 ton na karfe cinye kawai 1.2-2.5kg graphite lantarki), amma shi ne da gaske ba zai yiwu ba tare da shi. Kuma ba za a sami wanda zai maye gurbin ba nan da nan.
2. Carbon guda biyu a wuta, ya zubar da ƙarfin lantarki na graphite
Ba kawai karfe, graphite lantarki samar da kuma wani babban makamashi amfani da kuma high watsi masana'antu, nan gaba fadada iya aiki ba fata. Samar da ton guda na graphite electrode yana cinye kusan tan 1.7 na daidaitaccen gawayi, kuma idan aka canza zuwa ton 2.66 na carbon dioxide a kowace tan na daidaitaccen kwal, ton guda na graphite electrode yana fitar da kusan tan 4.5 na carbon dioxide zuwa sararin samaniya. Mongoliya ta ciki ta daina amincewa da aikin lantarki na graphite a wannan shekara hujja ce mai kyau.
Ƙaddamar da makasudin carbon dual da kuma koren jigon, fitowar na'urorin lantarki na graphite na shekara-shekara shima ya ragu a karon farko cikin shekaru huɗu. A cikin 2017, dawo da kasuwannin ƙarfe na eAF na duniya, yana fitar da buƙatun lantarki na graphite, 'yan wasan graphite electrode sun haɓaka samarwa da haɓaka iya aiki, Lantarki na Graphite a China daga 2017 zuwa 2019 ya nuna haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka.
Abin da ake kira sake zagayowar, shine abinci mai cin nama, cin noodles a ƙasa.
Saboda yawan zuba jari da samar da graphite electrode a cikin masana'antu, wanda ya haifar da hajoji mai yawa a kasuwa, ya bude tashar masana'antu ta ƙasa, ƙaddamar da kaya ya zama babban waƙa. A shekarar 2020, yawan kayan da ake fitarwa na lantarki na graphite na duniya ya ragu da ton 340,000, wanda ya kai kashi 22%, adadin da kasar Sin ke fitarwa na lantarki ya ragu daga ton 800,000 zuwa tan 730,000, ana sa ran ainihin abin da za a fitar a bana zai ragu.
Daya dare baya kafin 'yanci.
Ƙarfin samarwa bai tashi ba, babu kuɗi (ƙananan babban gefe), farashin albarkatun ƙasa yana tashi. Coke man fetur, coke na allura kwanan nan a mako ya haura 300-600 yuan/ton. Haɗin kai uku yana barin 'yan wasan graphite tare da zaɓi ɗaya kawai, wanda shine haɓaka farashin. Talakawa, babban iko, ultra-high iko samfuran lantarki graphite uku sun haɓaka farashin. A cewar rahoton Baichuan Yingfu, ko da farashin ya tashi, kasuwar graphite electrode na kasar Sin har yanzu tana kan karanci, wasu masana'antun kusan ba su da kayan lantarki na graphite, yawan aiki na ci gaba da hauhawa.
3. Karfe canji, ga graphite lantarki bude tunanin sarari
Idan iyakoki na samarwa, hauhawar farashin da rashin fa'ida sune abubuwan da ke haifar da hauhawar farashin na'urorin lantarki na graphite bayan sake zagayowar zagayowar, canjin masana'antar ƙarfe yana buɗe tunanin makomar farashin farashi na manyan wayoyin graphite.
A halin yanzu, kusan kashi 90% na abin da ake fitarwa na ɗanyen ƙarfe na cikin gida yana fitowa ne daga ƙera ƙarfe na wuta (coke), wanda ke da babban iskar carbon. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da bukatun ƙasa na canjin ƙarfin ƙarfe da haɓakawa, ceton makamashi da rage carbon, wasu masana'antun ƙarfe sun juya daga tanderun fashewa zuwa tanderun baka na lantarki. Manufofin da suka dace da aka gabatar a shekarar da ta gabata sun kuma yi nuni da cewa, yawan karfen da aka samu daga tanderun wutar lantarki ya kai sama da kashi 15% na yawan danyen karfen da ake fitarwa, kuma ana kokarin cimma kashi 20%. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, saboda graphite electrode yana da matukar muhimmanci ga wutar lantarki arc tanderu, shi ma a kaikaice inganta ingancin bukatun na graphite lantarki.
Ba tare da dalili ba ne ya kamata a inganta rabon ƙarfe na EAF. Shekaru biyar da suka gabata, duniya ta samar da wutar lantarki ta Arc karfe kashi 25.2% na samar da danyen karfe, Amurka, Tarayyar Turai 27 kasashe sun kasance 62.7%, 39.4%, kasarmu a wannan fanni na ci gaba akwai sararin samaniya. , don haɓaka buƙatar lantarki na graphite.
Saboda haka, za a iya kawai kiyasin cewa idan fitarwa na EAF karfe lissafin kusan 20% na jimillar fitar da danyen karfe a 2025, da kuma fitar da danyen karfe da aka lasafta bisa ga 800 ton miliyan / shekara, kasar Sin graphite electrode bukatar a cikin. 2025 kusan tan 750,000 ne. Frost Sullivan yayi hasashen cewa aƙalla kashi huɗu na huɗu na wannan shekara har yanzu yana da ɗan daki don gudu.
Gaskiya ne cewa graphite lantarki ya tashi da sauri, duk ya dogara da bel na wutar lantarki na arc.
4. Don taƙaitawa
A ƙarshe, graphite electrode yana da ƙaƙƙarfan kaddarorin lokaci-lokaci, kuma yanayin aikace-aikacen sa yana da sauƙi, wanda masana'antar ƙarfe ta ƙasa ke tasiri sosai. Bayan hawan keke daga 2017 zuwa 2019, ya ragu a bara. A wannan shekara, a ƙarƙashin babban matsayi na iyakar samarwa, ƙananan riba mai yawa da tsada mai tsada, farashin graphite electrode ya ragu kuma yawan aiki yana ci gaba da tashi.
A nan gaba, tare da kore da ƙananan buƙatun canza canjin carbon na ƙarfe da masana'antar ƙarfe, ƙarfe na EAF zai zama muhimmin ma'auni don haɓaka haɓakar buƙatun lantarki na graphite, amma canji da haɓakawa zai zama dogon tsari. Haɓaka farashin na'urorin lantarki na graphite bazai zama mai sauƙi haka ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-08-2021