I. Yadda ake rarraba masu sake fasalin kayan aiki
Ana iya raba Carburizers zuwa nau'i huɗu gwargwadon kayan aikinsu.
1. Graphite na wucin gadi
Babban kayan da ake amfani da su wajen kera graphite na wucin gadi shine foda mai inganci na man fetur mai dauke da sinadarin calcined, inda ake ƙara kwalta a matsayin abin ɗaurewa, sannan a ƙara ƙaramin adadin wasu kayan taimako. Bayan an haɗa kayan daban-daban, ana matse su kuma a samar da su, sannan a yi musu magani a cikin yanayi mara iskar oxygen a zafin 2500-3000 ° C don a sanya su a cikin graphitized. Bayan an yi amfani da su a yanayin zafi mai yawa, toka, sulfur da iskar gas suna raguwa sosai.
Saboda tsadar kayayyakin graphite na roba, yawancin kayan sake yin amfani da su a masana'antar graphite na roba da aka saba amfani da su a masana'antar girki kayan da aka sake yin amfani da su ne kamar su chips, electrodes na sharar gida da tubalan graphite lokacin ƙera electrodes na graphite don rage farashin samarwa.
Lokacin da ake narkar da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, domin a ƙara ingancin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, graphite na wucin gadi ya kamata ya zama zaɓi na farko ga mai sake fasalin ƙarfe.
2. Man fetur coke
Man fetur coke wani abu ne da ake amfani da shi sosai wajen sake yin amfani da shi.
Man fetur coke wani abu ne da ake samu ta hanyar tace danyen mai. Ragowar da aka samu ta hanyar tace man fetur a karkashin matsin lamba na yau da kullun ko kuma a karkashin matsin lamba na danyen mai za a iya amfani da su a matsayin kayan aiki don ƙera man fetur coke, sannan ana iya samun man fetur kore bayan an yi coke. Samar da man fetur kore coke bai kai kashi 5% na adadin man fetur da ake amfani da shi ba. Samar da man fetur kore coke a kowace shekara a Amurka ya kai kimanin tan miliyan 30. Rashin datti a cikin man fetur kore coke yana da yawa, don haka ba za a iya amfani da shi kai tsaye a matsayin mai sake yin carburizer ba, kuma dole ne a fara yin calcined.
Ana samun coke ɗin man fetur mai ɗanɗano a cikin nau'ikan soso, kamar allura, granular da ruwa.
Ana shirya coke ɗin man fetur na Sponge ta hanyar jinkirin yin coking. Saboda yawan sinadarin sulfur da ƙarfe da ke cikinsa, yawanci ana amfani da shi azaman mai yayin yin calcination, kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman kayan aiki don yin calcined petroleum coke. Ana amfani da coke ɗin soso na calcined galibi a masana'antar aluminum da kuma azaman recarburizer.
Ana shirya coke na man fetur ta hanyar amfani da hanyar coking mai jinkiri tare da kayan da aka yi amfani da su tare da babban sinadarin hydrocarbons mai ƙamshi da ƙarancin ƙazanta. Wannan coke yana da tsari mai kama da allura mai sauƙin karyewa, wanda wani lokacin ake kira coke na graphite, kuma galibi ana amfani da shi don yin electrodes na graphite bayan calcination.
Coke ɗin man fetur mai siffar granular yana cikin nau'in granules masu tauri kuma an yi shi ne da kayan da aka yi da sulfur da asphaltene mai yawa ta hanyar jinkirin amfani da coking, kuma galibi ana amfani da shi azaman mai.
Ana samun coke mai mai narkewa ta hanyar ci gaba da yin coke a cikin gado mai narkewa.
Ana amfani da sinadarin petroleum coke wajen cire sinadarin sulfur, danshi, da kuma sinadarai masu gurbata muhalli. Ana iya amfani da sinadarin petroleum coke wajen dumama zafi a 1200-1350°C, wanda hakan zai iya sa ya zama sinadarin carbon mai tsafta.
Mafi yawan masu amfani da sinadarin coke na man fetur da aka yi da calcined shine masana'antar aluminum, wanda kashi 70% daga cikinsu ana amfani da su wajen yin anodes da ke rage sinadarin bauxite. Kimanin kashi 6% na sinadarin coke na man fetur da aka yi da calcined da aka samar a Amurka ana amfani da shi ne don yin amfani da sinadarin recarburizer na ƙarfe da aka yi da siminti.
3. Graphite na halitta
Za a iya raba graphite na halitta zuwa nau'i biyu: flake graphite da microcrystalline graphite.
Grafite mai siffar microcrystalline yana da yawan toka kuma ba a amfani da shi gabaɗaya azaman mai sake fasalin ƙarfe.
Akwai nau'ikan flake graphite iri-iri: ana buƙatar cire babban carbon flake graphite ta hanyar amfani da sinadarai, ko kuma a dumama shi zuwa zafin jiki mai yawa don ruɓewa da kuma rage iskar oxygen da ke cikinsa. Yawan tokar da ke cikin graphite yana da yawa, don haka bai dace a yi amfani da shi azaman recarburizer ba; matsakaicin carbon graphite galibi ana amfani da shi azaman recarburizer, amma adadin bai yi yawa ba.
4. Carbon Coke da Anthracite
A cikin aikin yin ƙarfe na tanderun lantarki, ana iya ƙara coke ko anthracite a matsayin recarburizer lokacin caji. Saboda yawan toka da ke cikinsa, ba kasafai ake amfani da ƙarfen da ke narkewa a cikin tanderun lantarki a matsayin recarburizer ba.
Tare da ci gaba da inganta buƙatun kare muhalli, ana ƙara mai da hankali kan amfani da albarkatu, kuma farashin ƙarfen alade da coke yana ci gaba da hauhawa, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar farashin siminti. Kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki da yawa sun fara amfani da tanderun lantarki don maye gurbin narkewar cupola na gargajiya. A farkon 2011, taron ƙarami da matsakaici na masana'antarmu shi ma ya ɗauki tsarin narkewar wutar lantarki don maye gurbin tsarin narkewar cupola na gargajiya. Amfani da adadi mai yawa na ƙarfe a cikin narkewar wutar lantarki ba wai kawai zai iya rage farashi ba, har ma yana inganta halayen injinan siminti, amma nau'in recarburizer da ake amfani da shi da tsarin carburizing suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.
II. Yadda ake amfani da recarburiznarkewar wutar lantarki a cikin tanda mai induction
1. Manyan nau'ikan masu sake fasalin
Akwai kayan aiki da yawa da ake amfani da su azaman masu sake fasalin ƙarfe, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su sune graphite na wucin gadi, coke na man fetur mai calcined, graphite na halitta, coke, anthracite, da gaurayawan da aka yi da irin waɗannan kayan.
(1) Graphite na wucin gadi Daga cikin nau'ikan recarburizers da aka ambata a sama, mafi kyawun inganci shine graphite na wucin gadi. Babban kayan da ake amfani da su wajen kera graphite na wucin gadi shine foda mai inganci na calcined petroleum coke, wanda ake ƙara kwalta a matsayin abin ɗaurewa, sannan a ƙara ƙaramin adadin wasu kayan taimako. Bayan an haɗa kayan daban-daban, ana matse su kuma a samar da su, sannan a yi musu magani a cikin yanayi mara oxidizing a 2500-3000 °C don sanya su graphitized. Bayan maganin zafi mai yawa, toka, sulfur da iskar gas suna raguwa sosai. Idan babu coke na man fetur da aka sanya calcined a babban zafin jiki ko kuma ba tare da isasshen zafin calcination ba, ingancin recarburizer zai shafi sosai. Saboda haka, ingancin recarburizer ya dogara ne akan matakin graphitization. Kyakkyawan recarburizer yana ɗauke da carbon mai siffar graphitic (ƙasa da yawa). A tsakanin kashi 95% zuwa 98%, sinadarin sulfur yana tsakanin kashi 0.02% zuwa 0.05%, kuma sinadarin nitrogen yana tsakanin (100 zuwa 200) × 10-6.
(2) Coke na man fetur wani abu ne da ake amfani da shi sosai wajen sake yin carburizer. Coke na man fetur wani abu ne da ake samu daga tace danyen mai. Ana iya amfani da ragowar man fetur da aka samu daga tace matsi akai-akai ko kuma tace man fetur a cikin injin tsabtace shi a matsayin kayan aiki don ƙera coke na man fetur. Bayan yin coking, ana iya samun coke na man fetur da ba a sarrafa ba. Abubuwan da ke ciki suna da yawa kuma ba za a iya amfani da su kai tsaye a matsayin recarburizer ba, kuma dole ne a fara yin calcined.
(3) Graphite na halitta za a iya raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu: flake graphite da microcrystalline graphite. Microcrystalline graphite yana da yawan toka kuma gabaɗaya ba a amfani da shi azaman recarburizer don simintin ƙarfe. Akwai nau'ikan flake graphite da yawa: ana buƙatar cire babban carbon flake graphite ta hanyar sinadarai, ko a dumama shi zuwa zafin jiki mai yawa don ruɓewa da rage iskar oxides da ke cikinsa. Yawan tokar da ke cikin graphite yana da yawa kuma bai kamata a yi amfani da shi azaman recarburizer ba. Matsakaicin carbon graphite galibi ana amfani da shi azaman recarburizer, amma adadin bai yi yawa ba.
(4) Carbon Coke da Anthracite A yayin narkewar tanderu, ana iya ƙara coke ko anthracite a matsayin recarburizer lokacin caji. Saboda yawan toka da abubuwan da ke cikinta, ba kasafai ake amfani da ƙarfen da ake narkar da tanderu mai narkewa a matsayin recarburizer ba. Farashin wannan recarburizer ɗin yana da ƙasa, kuma yana cikin recarburizer mai ƙarancin daraja.
2. Ka'idar yin amfani da ƙarfe mai narkewa
A cikin tsarin narkewar ƙarfen roba, saboda yawan tarkacen da aka ƙara da ƙarancin sinadarin C a cikin ƙarfen da aka narkar, dole ne a yi amfani da na'urar carburizer don ƙara yawan carbon. Carbon da ke wanzuwa a cikin nau'in sinadarin recarburizer yana da zafin narkewa na 3727°C kuma ba za a iya narke shi a zafin ƙarfen da aka narkar ba. Saboda haka, carbon da ke cikin na'urar recarburizer galibi yana narkewa a cikin ƙarfen da aka narkar ta hanyoyi biyu na narkarwa da yaɗuwa. Lokacin da abun da ke cikin na'urar recarburizer na graphite a cikin ƙarfen da aka narkar ya kai kashi 2.1%, ana iya narkar da graphite kai tsaye a cikin ƙarfen da aka narkar. Matsalar mafita kai tsaye ta narkar da carbonization na ba graphite ba ta wanzu ba, amma da wucewar lokaci, carbon yana yaɗuwa a hankali kuma yana narkewa a cikin ƙarfen da aka narkar. Don sake narkar da ƙarfen da aka narkar da shi ta hanyar induction tanderu, ƙimar sake narkar da graphite na crystalline ya fi na narkar da ba graphite ba.
Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa narkar da carbon a cikin ƙarfe mai narkewa yana sarrafawa ta hanyar canja wurin taro na carbon a cikin layin iyaka na ruwa a saman barbashi masu ƙarfi. Idan aka kwatanta sakamakon da aka samu da barbashi na coke da kwal da sakamakon da aka samu da graphite, an gano cewa yaduwar da narkar da graphite recarburizers a cikin ƙarfe mai narkewa ya fi sauri fiye da barbashi na coke da kwal. An lura da samfuran barbashi na coke da kwal da aka narkar da wani ɓangare ta hanyar na'urar hangen nesa ta lantarki, kuma an gano cewa an samar da wani siririn toka mai manne a saman samfuran, wanda shine babban abin da ke shafar yaduwar su da aikin narkewa a cikin ƙarfe mai narkewa.
3. Abubuwan da ke Shafar Tasirin Ƙarar Carbon
(1) Tasirin girman barbashi na recarburizer. Yawan shan recarburizer ya dogara ne akan haɗin tasirin narkarwa da yaduwar recarburizer da kuma yawan asarar iskar shaka. Gabaɗaya, barbashi na recarburizer ƙanana ne, saurin narkarwa yana da sauri, kuma saurin asara yana da girma; barbashi na carburizer suna da girma, saurin narkarwa yana da jinkiri, kuma saurin asara ƙarami ne. Zaɓin girman barbashi na recarburizer yana da alaƙa da diamita da ƙarfin tanderu. Gabaɗaya, lokacin da diamita da ƙarfin tanderu suka yi girma, girman barbashi na recarburizer ya kamata ya fi girma; akasin haka, girman barbashi na recarburizer ya kamata ya zama ƙarami.
(2) Tasirin adadin recarburizer da aka ƙara A ƙarƙashin yanayin wani zafin jiki da kuma irin wannan sinadaran, cikakken yawan carbon a cikin ƙarfen da aka narkar tabbas ne. A ƙarƙashin wani matakin jikewa, ƙarin recarburizer da aka ƙara, tsawon lokacin da ake buƙata don narkewa da yaɗuwa, mafi girman asarar da ta dace, da kuma ƙarancin ƙimar sha.
(3) Tasirin zafin jiki akan yawan sha na recarburizer. A ka'ida, yawan zafin ƙarfen da aka narke, yana da matuƙar amfani ga sha da wargaza recarburizer. Akasin haka, recarburizer yana da wahalar narkewa, kuma yawan sha na recarburizer yana raguwa. Duk da haka, lokacin da zafin ƙarfen da aka narke ya yi yawa, kodayake recarburizer ɗin zai fi narkewa gaba ɗaya, ƙimar asarar carbon da ke ƙonewa zai ƙaru, wanda daga ƙarshe zai haifar da raguwar yawan carbon da raguwar yawan sha na recarburizer gaba ɗaya. Gabaɗaya, lokacin da zafin ƙarfen da aka narke yake tsakanin 1460 da 1550 °C, ingancin sha na recarburizer shine mafi kyau.
(4) Tasirin da ƙarfen da aka narke ke yi kan yawan shan ƙarfen da aka narke, yin amfani da ƙarfen da aka narke yana da amfani ga narkewa da yaɗuwar carbon, kuma yana guje wa mai yin amfani da ƙarfen da aka narke a saman ƙarfen da aka narke kuma a ƙone shi. Kafin mai yin amfani da ƙarfen da aka narke gaba ɗaya, lokacin juyawa yana da tsawo kuma yawan shan yana da yawa. Yin amfani da ƙarfen da aka narke na iya rage lokacin riƙe carbon, rage zagayowar samarwa, da kuma guje wa ƙone abubuwan da ke haɗa ƙarfen da aka narke. Duk da haka, idan lokacin juyawa ya yi tsayi sosai, ba wai kawai yana da babban tasiri ga rayuwar sabis na tanderu ba, har ma yana ƙara yawan asarar carbon a cikin ƙarfen da aka narke bayan mai yin amfani da ƙarfen da aka narke ya narke. Saboda haka, lokacin juyawa da ya dace na ƙarfen da aka narke ya kamata ya dace don tabbatar da cewa mai yin amfani da ƙarfen ya narke gaba ɗaya.
(5) Tasirin sinadaran ƙarfen da aka narkar a kan yawan shan ƙarfen da aka narkar a lokacin da sinadarin carbon na farko a cikin ƙarfen da aka narkar ya yi yawa, a ƙarƙashin wani iyaka na narkewa, yawan shan ƙarfen da aka narkar a hankali yake, adadin shan ƙarfen yana da ƙanƙanta, kuma asarar ƙonawa tana da yawa. Yawan shan ƙarfen da aka narkar a cikin ƙarfen da aka narkar yana da ƙasa. Akasin haka gaskiya ne lokacin da sinadarin carbon na farko a cikin ƙarfen da aka narkar ya yi ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, silicon da sulfur a cikin ƙarfen da aka narkar yana hana shan ƙarfen da rage yawan shan ƙarfen da aka narkar; yayin da manganese ke taimakawa wajen shan carbon da inganta yawan shan ƙarfen da aka narkar da shi. Dangane da matakin tasiri, silicon shine mafi girma, sai manganese, kuma carbon da sulfur ba su da tasiri sosai. Saboda haka, a cikin ainihin tsarin samarwa, ya kamata a fara ƙara manganese, sannan carbon, sannan silicon.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-04-2022