Tare da saurin haɓaka sabbin motocin makamashi a duk duniya, buƙatar kasuwa don kayan anode na batirin lithium ya ƙaru sosai. A cewar ƙididdiga, a cikin 2021, manyan kamfanonin anode na batirin lithium guda takwas na masana'antar suna shirin faɗaɗa ƙarfin samar da su zuwa kusan tan miliyan ɗaya. Graphitization yana da babban tasiri akan ma'aunin da farashin kayan anode. Kayan aikin graphitization a China suna da nau'ikan iri-iri, yawan amfani da makamashi mai yawa, gurɓataccen iska mai yawa da ƙarancin aiki da kai, wanda ke iyakance haɓakar kayan anode na graphite zuwa wani mataki. Ita ce babbar matsalar da za a magance cikin gaggawa a cikin tsarin samar da kayan anode.
1. Yanayin da ake ciki yanzu da kuma kwatancen wutar lantarki mai kama da tanderu mai kama da ta mara kyau
1.1 Tanderu mai nuna hoto mara kyau ta Atchison
A cikin nau'in murhun da aka gyara bisa ga wutar lantarki ta gargajiya ta Aitcheson, an ɗora wa murhun asali da graphite crucible a matsayin mai ɗaukar kayan lantarki na taba (an ɗora wa murhun da kayan lantarki na taba carbonized), an cika tsakiyar murhun da kayan juriya na dumama, an cika saman murfin da kayan kariya da kuma rufin bango na murhun. Bayan an kunna wutar lantarki, ana samar da babban zafin jiki na 2800 ~ 3000℃ galibi ta hanyar dumama kayan juriya, kuma ana dumama kayan da ba su da kyau a cikin murhun kai tsaye don cimma tawada mai zafi na kayan da ba su da kyau.
1.2. Tanderu mai siffar zane mai siffar zafi ta ciki
Samfurin tanderu yana nuni ne ga tanderun zane-zane na serial graphitization da ake amfani da shi don samar da electrodes na graphite, kuma an haɗa wasu electrodes na crucible (wanda aka ɗora da kayan electrodes na korau) a jere a jere a tsawon lokaci. Elektros ɗin crucible ɗin yana ɗaukar kaya ne kuma jiki ne mai dumama, kuma wutar lantarki tana ratsa electrodes ɗin crucible don samar da zafi mai yawa da kuma dumama kayan electrodes na ciki kai tsaye. Tsarin GRAPHItization ba ya amfani da kayan juriya, yana sauƙaƙa aikin lodawa da yin burodi, da kuma rage asarar ajiyar zafi na kayan juriya, yana adana amfani da wutar lantarki, yana adana amfani da wutar lantarki.
1.3 Tanderu mai siffar akwatin grid
Aikace-aikacen lamba 1 yana ƙaruwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, babban abin da ake koya shine jerin tanda mai zane-zane na acheson da fasahar haɗin kai halaye na tanderu mai zane-zane, tsakiyar tanderu na amfani da guntu da yawa na tsarin akwatin farantin anode, abu zuwa cikin cathode a cikin kayan da aka ƙera, ta hanyar duk haɗin da aka ƙera tsakanin ginshiƙin farantin anode an gyara shi, kowane akwati, amfani da hatimin farantin anode tare da abu ɗaya. Ginshiƙin da farantin anode na tsarin akwatin kayan tare suna samar da jikin dumama. Wutar lantarki tana gudana ta cikin electrode na kan tanderu zuwa jikin dumama na tsakiyar tanderu, kuma babban zafin da aka samar kai tsaye yana dumama kayan anode a cikin akwatin don cimma manufar graphitization
1.4 Kwatanta nau'ikan tanderu guda uku na graphitization
Tanderu mai tsarin zafi na ciki shine don dumama kayan kai tsaye ta hanyar dumama electrode mai ramin graphite. "Zafin Joule" da wutar lantarki ke samarwa ta hanyar wutar lantarki galibi ana amfani da shi don dumama kayan da kuma wutar lantarki. Saurin dumama yana da sauri, rarraba zafin jiki iri ɗaya ne, kuma ingancin zafi ya fi na Atchison na gargajiya tare da dumama kayan juriya. Tanderu mai tsarin grid-box yana amfani da fa'idodin tanderu mai tsarin zafi na ciki, kuma yana ɗaukar farantin anode da aka riga aka gasa tare da ƙarancin farashi azaman jikin dumama. Idan aka kwatanta da tanderu mai tsarin graphitization, ƙarfin ɗaukar tanderu mai tsarin grid-box ya fi girma, kuma yawan amfani da wutar lantarki ga kowane samfurin yana raguwa daidai gwargwado.
2. Alkiblar ci gaban tanderun graphitization mara kyau
2. 1 Inganta tsarin bangon kewaye
A halin yanzu, Layer ɗin rufin zafi na tanderun graphitization da yawa yana cike da carbon black da petroleum coke. Wannan ɓangaren na kayan rufin yayin samar da ƙonewar iskar oxygen mai zafi, duk lokacin da aka ɗora shi saboda buƙatar maye gurbin ko ƙara wani abu na musamman na rufi, maye gurbin tsarin rashin kyawun muhalli, da yawan aiki.
Za a iya la'akari da shi a yi amfani da sandar bango ta musamman ta siminti mai ƙarfi da zafin jiki mai yawa ta adobe, ƙara ƙarfin gaba ɗaya, tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali a cikin zagayowar aiki gaba ɗaya, rufe bulo ɗin ɗinki a lokaci guda, hana iska mai yawa Ta hanyar fasa bangon bulo da gibin haɗin gwiwa a cikin tanderu, rage asarar ƙonewar iskar shaka ta kayan rufi da kayan anode;
Na biyu shine a sanya babban layin rufin wayar hannu da ke rataye a wajen bangon tanderu, kamar amfani da allon fiberboard mai ƙarfi ko allon silicate na calcium, matakin dumama yana taka rawa mai tasiri wajen rufewa da rufewa, matakin sanyi yana da sauƙin cirewa don sanyaya cikin sauri; Na uku, hanyar samun iska tana cikin ƙasan tanderu da bangon tanderu. Tashar samun iska tana ɗaukar tsarin tubalin lattice da aka riga aka yi da bakin mace na bel, yayin da take tallafawa ginin siminti mai zafi, da kuma la'akari da sanyaya iska da aka tilasta a lokacin sanyi.
2. 2 Inganta lanƙwasa wutar lantarki ta hanyar kwaikwayon lambobi
A halin yanzu, ana yin lanƙwasa wutar lantarki ta tanderun graphitization na lantarki mai rauni bisa ga gogewa, kuma ana daidaita tsarin graphitization da hannu a kowane lokaci bisa ga yanayin zafin jiki da tanderu, kuma babu wani daidaitaccen ma'auni. Inganta lanƙwasa dumama a bayyane zai iya rage ma'aunin amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma tabbatar da amincin aikin tanderu. YA KAMATA A KAFA MISALI NA LAMBA NA ALLURA ta hanyar kimiyya bisa ga yanayi daban-daban na iyakoki da sigogi na zahiri, kuma ya kamata a bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin halin yanzu, ƙarfin lantarki, jimillar ƙarfin lantarki da rarraba zafin jiki na sashin giciye a cikin tsarin graphHItization, don ƙirƙirar lanƙwasa mai dacewa da kuma ci gaba da daidaita shi a cikin ainihin aiki. Kamar a farkon matakin watsa wutar lantarki shine amfani da babban watsa wutar lantarki, sannan a rage wutar da sauri sannan a hankali a tashi, a rage wutar sannan a rage wutar har zuwa ƙarshen wutar.
2. 3 Tsawaita rayuwar jikin da aka yi da bututun dumama
Baya ga amfani da wutar lantarki, tsawon lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma hita shi ma yana ƙayyade farashin graphitization mara kyau kai tsaye. Ga jikin dumama graphite crucible da graphite, tsarin sarrafa fitarwa na samarwa, kula da saurin dumama da sanyaya, layin samar da wutar lantarki ta atomatik, ƙarfafa rufewa don hana iskar shaka da sauran matakan da za a ɗauka don ƙara lokacin sake amfani da wutar lantarki, rage farashin tawada ta graphite yadda ya kamata. Baya ga ma'aunin da ke sama, ana iya amfani da farantin dumama na akwatin grid graphitization tanderu azaman kayan dumama na anode, electrode ko kayan carbonaceous da aka riga aka gasa tare da juriya mai yawa don adana farashin graphitization.
2.4 Kula da iskar gas da amfani da zafi na sharar gida
Iskar gas da ake samarwa yayin graphitization galibi tana fitowa ne daga sinadarai masu guba da kuma abubuwan ƙonewa na kayan anode, ƙona carbon a saman, ɗigon iska da sauransu. A farkon fara amfani da tanda, ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙura suna fita da yawa, yanayin wurin aiki ba shi da kyau, yawancin kamfanoni ba su da ingantattun matakan magani, wannan ita ce babbar matsalar da ke shafar lafiyar aiki da amincin masu aiki a cikin samar da wutar lantarki mara kyau. Ya kamata a yi ƙoƙari sosai don yin la'akari da ingantaccen tattarawa da sarrafa iskar gas da ƙura a cikin bitar, kuma ya kamata a ɗauki matakan iska masu dacewa don rage zafin bitar da inganta yanayin aiki na bitar graphitization.
Bayan an iya tattara iskar gas ta hanyar bututun zuwa ɗakin ƙonewa mai gauraye, a cire mafi yawan kwalta da ƙura a cikin iskar gas ɗin, ana sa ran zafin iskar gas ɗin a cikin ɗakin ƙonewa ya wuce 800℃, kuma za a iya dawo da zafin sharar iskar gas ɗin ta hanyar tukunyar tururi mai zafi ko musayar zafi ta harsashi. Hakanan ana iya amfani da fasahar ƙona hayakin kwalta ta RTO da ake amfani da ita wajen maganin hayakin kwalta don amfani da ita, kuma ana dumama iskar gas ɗin kwalta zuwa 850 ~ 900℃. Ta hanyar ƙonawa a cikin zafi, kwalta da abubuwan da ke canzawa da sauran hydrocarbons masu ƙamshi na polycyclic a cikin iskar gas ɗin suna oxidized kuma a ƙarshe sun zama CO2 da H2O, kuma ingantaccen aikin tsarkakewa zai iya kaiwa sama da 99%. Tsarin yana da aiki mai ƙarfi da kuma yawan aiki mai yawa.
2. 5 Tanderu mai ci gaba da nuna rashin daidaito
Nau'ikan tanderu na graphitization da aka ambata a sama da dama sune babban tsarin tanderu na samar da kayan anode a kasar Sin, abin da aka fi sani shine samar da kayayyaki lokaci-lokaci, ƙarancin ingancin zafi, fitar da kaya ya dogara ne akan aikin hannu, matakin sarrafa kansa ba shi da yawa. Ana iya ƙirƙirar tanderu mai kama da ta tsaye mai ci gaba da rashin daidaito ta hanyar komawa ga samfurin tanderu na man fetur na coke calcination da tanderu na shaft na calcination bauxite. Ana amfani da ARC mai juriya azaman tushen zafi mai zafi, ana ci gaba da fitar da kayan ta hanyar nauyi, kuma ana amfani da tsarin sanyaya ruwa ko gasification na gargajiya don sanyaya kayan zafi mai zafi a yankin fitarwa, kuma ana amfani da tsarin isar da foda na pneumatic don fitarwa da ciyar da kayan a wajen tanderu. Nau'in FURNACE zai iya samar da ci gaba, asarar adana zafi na jikin tanderu za a iya watsi da shi, don haka ingancin zafi yana da kyau sosai, fa'idodin fitarwa da amfani da makamashi a bayyane suke, kuma cikakken aikin atomatik za a iya cimma shi gaba ɗaya. Manyan matsalolin da za a magance su sune ruwan foda, daidaiton matakin graphitization, aminci, sa ido kan zafin jiki da sanyaya, da sauransu. Ana kyautata zaton cewa tare da nasarar haɓaka tanderun don haɓaka samar da masana'antu, zai haifar da juyin juya hali a fannin graphitization na lantarki mara kyau.
3 harshen ƙulli
Tsarin sinadarai na Graphite shine babbar matsalar da ke addabar masana'antun kayan batirin lithium anode. Babban dalilin shine har yanzu akwai wasu matsaloli a cikin amfani da wutar lantarki, farashi, kariyar muhalli, matakin sarrafa kansa, aminci da sauran fannoni na tanderun graphitization na lokaci-lokaci da ake amfani da shi sosai. Yanayin masana'antar na gaba shine haɓaka tsarin tanderun samar da hayaki mai sarrafa kansa da tsari, da kuma tallafawa manyan kayan aikin taimako masu inganci. A wannan lokacin, matsalolin graphitization da ke addabar kamfanoni za su inganta sosai, kuma masana'antar za ta shiga lokacin ci gaba mai dorewa, wanda ke haɓaka saurin haɓaka sabbin masana'antu masu alaƙa da makamashi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-19-2022