1. DANYEN KAYAN
Coke (kimanin 75-80% a cikin abun ciki)
Petroleum Coke
Coke man fetur shine mafi mahimmancin albarkatun ƙasa, kuma yana samuwa a cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, daga coke mai allurar anisotropic zuwa kusan coke na isotropic. Coke ɗin allura mai matuƙar anisotropic, saboda tsarinsa, yana da matuƙar mahimmanci don kera na'urorin lantarki masu inganci da ake amfani da su a cikin murhun wutar lantarki, inda ake buƙatar ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarfi na lantarki, inji da thermal. An kusan samar da coke na man fetur ta hanyar jinkirin tsarin coking, wanda shine hanya mai sauƙi mai sauƙi na carbonising na ragowar danyen mai.
Needle coke shine kalmar da aka saba amfani da ita don nau'in coke na musamman tare da graphitizability mai girman gaske wanda ya samo asali ne daga ƙaƙƙarfan fifikon daidaitaccen tsarin tsarin sa na turbostratic da kuma takamaiman siffar ƙwayar hatsi.
Masu ɗaure (kimanin 20-25% a cikin abun ciki)
Tushen kwalta
Ana amfani da abubuwan ɗaure don agglomerate ƙaƙƙarfan barbashi da juna. Babban ikon jika don haka yana canza haɗuwa zuwa yanayin filastik don gyare-gyare ko extrusion na gaba.
Farar kwal ɗin kwal wani fili ne kuma yana da tsarin ƙamshi na musamman. Saboda yawan adadin zoben benzene da aka maye gurbinsa da naƙasasshe, ya riga ya sami ingantaccen tsarin zane mai siffar hexagonal na graphite, don haka yana sauƙaƙa samuwar yankuna masu hoto masu kyau yayin zane. Pitch ya tabbatar da zama mai ɗaure mafi fa'ida. Ita ce ragowar distillation na kwalta.
2. CUDURWA DA TSORO
Ana haxa coke ɗin da aka niƙa da farar kwal ɗin kwal da wasu abubuwan da za a iya haɗawa don samar da manna iri ɗaya. Ana kawo wannan a cikin silinda extrusion. A mataki na farko dole ne a cire iska ta hanyar dannawa. Fiye da ainihin matakin extrusion ya biyo baya inda aka fitar da cakuda don samar da lantarki na diamita da tsayin da ake so. Don ba da damar haɗuwa da musamman tsarin extrusion (duba hoto a dama) cakuda dole ne ya kasance danko. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar ajiye shi a yanayin zafi mai girma na kusan. 120 ° C (dangane da farar) yayin duk aikin samar da kore. Wannan nau'i na asali mai siffar silinda ana kiransa "koren lantarki".
3. BAYA
Ana amfani da tanda iri biyu:
Anan an sanya sandunan da aka fitar a cikin gwangwani na bakin karfe na silinda (saggers). Don guje wa lalacewar na'urorin lantarki yayin aikin dumama, saggers kuma suna cike da kariya ta yashi. Ana ɗora saggers a kan dandamalin motocin dogo (kunsan mota) kuma a juye su cikin iskar gas - kilns.
Tanderun ringi
Anan ana sanya na'urorin lantarki a cikin wani rami mai rufin dutse a kasan zauren samarwa. Wannan rami wani bangare ne na tsarin zobe na fiye da dakuna 10. An haɗa ɗakunan tare da tsarin zazzagewar iska mai zafi don adana makamashi. Wuraren da ke tsakanin na'urorin lantarki kuma suna cike da yashi don guje wa lalacewa. A lokacin da ake yin burodi, inda filin ya kasance carbonized, dole ne a kula da zafin jiki a hankali domin a yanayin zafi har zuwa 800 ° C saurin haɓakar iskar gas na iya haifar da fashewar lantarki.
A cikin wannan lokaci na'urorin lantarki suna da yawa a kusa da 1,55 - 1,60 kg/dm3.
4. CIGABA
Na'urorin lantarki da aka gasa suna ciki tare da farar ruwa na musamman (farar ruwa a 200 ° C) don ba su mafi girman yawa, ƙarfin injina, da wutar lantarki da za su buƙaci jure matsanancin yanayin aiki a cikin tanderun.
5. SAKE BAYA
Ana buƙatar sake zagayowar yin burodi na biyu, ko kuma “sake toyawa,” don yin carbonize da ƙura da kuma fitar da duk wani abin da ya rage. Sake yin gasa ya kai kusan 750 ° C. A cikin wannan lokaci na'urorin lantarki na iya kaiwa girma a kusa da 1,67 - 1,74 kg/dm3.
6. KYAUTA
Acheson Furnace
Mataki na ƙarshe na ƙirar graphite shine jujjuya carbon da aka gasa zuwa graphite, wanda ake kira graphitizing. A yayin aiwatar da zane-zane, ƙara ko žasa da aka yi oda da carbon (carbon turbostratic) an canza shi zuwa tsarin zane mai girma uku.
An cushe na'urorin lantarki a cikin tanderun lantarki da ke kewaye da barbashi na carbon don samar da ƙaƙƙarfan taro. Ana ratsa wutar lantarki ta cikin tanderu, yana ɗaga zafin jiki zuwa kusan 3000 ° C. Ana samun wannan tsari ta amfani da ko dai ACHESON FURNAce ko kuma FURNAce mai tsayi (LWG).
Tare da tanderun Acheson ana zana na'urorin lantarki ta hanyar yin amfani da tsari, yayin da a cikin tanderun LWG gabaɗayan ginshiƙi yana graphitized a lokaci guda.
7. INGANTATTU
Na'urorin lantarki na graphite (bayan sanyaya) ana sarrafa su zuwa madaidaicin girma da haƙuri. Wannan matakin kuma yana iya haɗawa da injina da daidaita ƙarshen (kwastoci) na na'urorin lantarki tare da tsarin haɗin ginshiƙi mai zaren graphite (nonuwa).
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-08-2021