1. KAYAN DANYEN KWAI
Coke (kimanin kashi 75-80% a cikin abun ciki)
Man Fetur Coke
Coke mai fetur shine mafi mahimmancin kayan albarkatun ƙasa, kuma an samar da shi a cikin nau'ikan tsari daban-daban, tun daga coke mai allura mai ƙarfi zuwa coke mai ruwa mai kusan isotropic. Coke mai allura mai ƙarfi, saboda tsarinsa, yana da mahimmanci don ƙera na'urorin lantarki masu aiki masu ƙarfi waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin tanderun lantarki, inda ake buƙatar ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi mai yawa na lantarki, na inji da na zafi. Ana samar da coke mai kusan kawai ta hanyar jinkirin tsarin coking, wanda shine tsarin carbonization mai sauƙi a hankali na ragowar distillation na ɗanyen mai.
Allura coke kalma ce da aka fi amfani da ita don nau'in coke na musamman tare da babban ƙarfin zane mai kyau wanda ya samo asali daga kyakkyawan yanayin layi ɗaya na tsarin layin turbostratic da kuma takamaiman siffar ƙwayoyin.
Masu ɗaurewa (kimanin kashi 20-25% a cikin abun ciki)
Filin kwal
Ana amfani da sinadaran ɗaurewa don haɗa ƙwayoyin halitta masu ƙarfi da juna. Babban ƙarfinsu na jikawa yana canza cakuda zuwa yanayin filastik don yin gyare-gyare ko fitarwa daga baya.
Kwal kwal wani abu ne na halitta kuma yana da tsari mai ƙamshi daban. Saboda yawan zoben benzene da aka maye gurbinsu da waɗanda aka taƙaice, ya riga ya sami tsarin graphite mai siffar hexagonal, wanda hakan ke sauƙaƙa samuwar yankunan graphite masu tsari sosai yayin graphitisation. Kwal kwal ya tabbatar da cewa shine mafi kyawun mannewa. Shi ne ragowar distillation na kwal kwal.
2. HAƊAWA DA ƘARFIN
Ana haɗa coke ɗin da aka niƙa da kwal da wasu ƙarin abubuwa don samar da manna iri ɗaya. Ana shigar da shi cikin silinda na fitarwa. A mataki na farko dole ne a cire iska ta hanyar matsewa. Bayan haka, matakin fitarwa na ainihi yana biyo baya inda aka fitar da cakuda don samar da lantarki mai diamita da tsayin da ake so. Don ba da damar haɗawa, musamman tsarin fitarwa (duba hoto a dama), dole ne cakuda ya zama mai kauri. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar kiyaye shi a yanayin zafi mai girma na kimanin 120°C (ya danganta da matakin) yayin duk tsarin samar da kore. Wannan siffa ta asali mai siffar silinda ana kiranta da "elektrodit kore".
3. YIN GASA
Ana amfani da nau'ikan tanda biyu na yin burodi:
A nan, an sanya sandunan da aka fitar a cikin gwangwanin ƙarfe mai silinda (saggers). Don guje wa lalacewar lantarki yayin aikin dumama, ana cika saggers ɗin da rufin yashi mai kariya. Ana ɗora saggers ɗin a kan dandamalin motar ƙasa (ƙasa da ƙasan mota) sannan a naɗe su cikin murhun gas na halitta.
Tanderun zobe
A nan ana sanya na'urorin lantarki a cikin wani rami mai ɓoye na dutse a ƙasan ɗakin samarwa. Wannan ramin wani ɓangare ne na tsarin zobe na sama da ɗakuna 10. An haɗa ɗakunan tare da tsarin zagayawa na iska mai zafi don adana kuzari. Hakanan ana cika ramukan da ke tsakanin na'urorin lantarki da yashi don guje wa lalacewa. A lokacin yin burodi, inda aka haɗa da carbon, dole ne a kula da zafin jiki a hankali saboda a yanayin zafi har zuwa 800°C, tarin iskar gas mai sauri na iya haifar da fashewar na'urar lantarki.
A wannan lokacin, electrodes suna da yawa kusan 1,55 - 1,60 kg/dm3.
4. YIN HANNU A KAN HANNU
Ana sanya wa electrodes ɗin da aka gasa da wani ƙaramin ƙarfi na musamman (ruwa mai ƙarfi a 200°C) domin ba su ƙarfi mai yawa, ƙarfin injina, da kuma ƙarfin lantarki da za su buƙaci don jure wa mummunan yanayin aiki a cikin tanderun.
5. SAKE GASA
Ana buƙatar zagayen yin burodi na biyu, ko "sake yin burodi," don rage gurɓataccen iskar carbon da kuma korar duk wani abu mai guba da ya rage. Zafin sake yin burodi ya kai kusan 750°C. A wannan matakin, electrodes ɗin za su iya kaiwa ga yawan da ke tsakanin 1,67 – 1,74 kg/dm3.
6. RUBUTA RUBUTU
Acheson Firenace
Mataki na ƙarshe a cikin ƙera graphite shine canza carbon da aka gasa zuwa graphite, wanda ake kira graphitizing. A lokacin aikin graphitizing, carbon da aka riga aka yi oda (turbostratic carbon) ana canza shi zuwa tsarin graphite mai girma uku.
Ana sanya na'urorin lantarki a cikin tanda mai amfani da wutar lantarki da aka kewaye da ƙwayoyin carbon don samar da wani taro mai ƙarfi. Ana wucewa da wutar lantarki ta cikin tanda, wanda ke ɗaga zafin zuwa kimanin 3000°C. Yawanci ana samun wannan tsari ta amfani da ko dai ACHESON FURNACE ko kuma TSAYIN FURANCE (LWG).
Tare da tanderun Acheson, ana yin amfani da na'urorin lantarki ta hanyar amfani da tsari na rukuni, yayin da a cikin tanderun LWG, dukkan ginshiƙan an yi musu graphitization a lokaci guda.
7. INJI
Ana ƙera na'urorin lantarki na graphite (bayan sanyaya) bisa ga girman da kuma juriyarsu. Wannan matakin kuma zai iya haɗawa da ƙera da kuma haɗa ƙarshen (sockets) na na'urorin lantarki da tsarin haɗa graphite mai zare (not).
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-08-2021