Ana iya magance matsalolin fitar da carbon a cikin tsarin samar da electrodes na graphite gaba ɗaya ta hanyar haɗakar haɓaka fasaha, inganta tsari, da dabarun sarrafa makamashi, kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa:
I. Haɓaka Fasaha: Kayan Aiki Masu Inganci da Sauya Makamashi Mai Tsabta
1. Fasahar Gyaran Tanderu ta Graphitization
Tanderun gargajiya na Acheson suna cinye har zuwa 3,200-4,800 kWh a kowace tan na electrodes na graphite, tare da bambance-bambancen zafin jiki mai yawa wanda ke haifar da ɓatar da makamashi. Amfani da tanderun Longitudinal Graphitization (LWG) na iya rage lokacin dumama zuwa awanni 9-15, rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki da kashi 20%-30%, da kuma cimma ƙarin juriya iri ɗaya. Misali, aikin Carbon na Xinjiang East Hope ya rage yawan amfani da makamashi a kowace tan na electrodes da kimanin kWh 300 ta hanyar amfani da tanderun LWG, wanda hakan ke rage fitar da hayakin carbon a kaikaice.
2. Sauya Tsabtataccen Makamashi
Samar da tan ɗaya na lantarki mai siffar graphite yana cinye kimanin tan 1.7 na kwal na yau da kullun kuma yana fitar da tan 4.5 na CO₂. Amfani da wutar lantarki mai kore (misali, wutar lantarki ta hasken rana ko iska) don tuƙa tanderun graphitization yana ba da damar rage fitar da hayaki kai tsaye. Misali, wasu kamfanoni a Inner Mongolia sun ƙara yawan wutar lantarki mai kore zuwa sama da kashi 50% ta hanyar ayyukan haɗakar "tushen-grid-load-storage", rage fitar da hayakin carbon a kowace tan na lantarki da kashi 40%.
3. Tsarin Maido da Zafin Shara
Shigar da tukunyar dumama sharar gida a matakan yin burodi da graphitization yana dawo da iskar gas mai zafi (200-800°C) don samar da tururi don dumama ko samar da wutar lantarki. Aikin Shanxi Taigu Baoguang Carbon ya cimma tanadin kimanin tan 2,000 na kwal na yau da kullun a kowace shekara tare da rage fitar da hayakin CO₂ da tan 5,200 ta hanyar dawo da zafi na sharar gida.
II. Inganta Tsarin Aiki: Rage Amfani da Kayan Danye da Makamashi
1. Tsarin sarrafa kayan da aka tace kafin a fara aiki
- Matakin Calcination: Sarrafa halayen man fetur na coke (yawan gaske ≥ 2.07 g/cm³, juriya ≤ 550 μΩ·m) don rage yawan amfani da makamashin sarrafawa daga baya.
- Tsarin Shigar da Kaya: Inganta yawan kayan da ake samarwa da kuma rage yawan porosity ta hanyar "yin amfani da kaya sau uku da yin amfani da kaya sau hudu" ko "yin amfani da kaya sau biyu da yin amfani da kaya sau uku." Misali, cimma karuwar nauyi a cikin kaya na biyu na ≥9% zai iya rage yawan yin amfani da kaya da kuma adana kashi 15% zuwa 20% na amfani da kaya.
2. Tsarin Zafin Ƙasa da Gudun Tsarin Gajere
Yi amfani da dabarun samar da ƙarancin zafin jiki (misali, fitar da iska a 90-120°C) don rage hayaki mai canzawa da kuma rage zafin yin burodi da ke biyo baya. A lokaci guda, inganta ayyukan samarwa don rage zagayowar daga kayan aiki zuwa kayayyakin da aka gama, rage yawan amfani da makamashi mai yawa.
3. Sake Amfani da Iskar Gas
Ana iya tsarkake iskar gas daga tanderun gasa da ke ɗauke da abubuwan da ke ƙonewa kamar CO da H₂ kuma a sake amfani da su a tsarin dumama. Aikin Xinjiang East Hope Project ya ceci kimanin mita 300,000 na iskar gas a kowace shekara kuma ya rage fitar da hayakin CO₂ da tan 600 ta hanyar fasahar sake amfani da iskar gas.
III. Gudanar da Makamashi: Tsarin Dijital da Tattalin Arziki Mai Zagaye
1. Tsarin Kula da Makamashi Mai Hankali
Aika na'urori masu auna makamashi na IoT don sa ido kan bayanan amfani da makamashi na ainihin lokaci (misali, wutar lantarki da zafi) a duk matakan samarwa, ta hanyar inganta sigogin kayan aiki ta hanyar algorithms na AI. Misali, wani kamfani ya rage lokacin rashin aiki a cikin tanda ta hanyar amfani da fasahar graphitization da kashi 30% ta hanyar sa ido mai wayo, wanda hakan ya adana kimanin kWh 500,000 na wutar lantarki a kowace shekara.
2. Kama Carbon, Amfani, da Ajiya (CCUS)
Sanya na'urorin kama carbon a wuraren fitar da iskar gas na tanderu don matse CO₂ don allurar ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko amfani da shi azaman abincin sinadarai. Duk da tsadar da ake samu a yanzu (kimanin 300-600 RMB/ton CO₂), CCUS tana wakiltar hanya mai mahimmanci ta dogon lokaci don zurfafa cire carbon.
3. Tsarin Tattalin Arziki Mai Zagaye
- Ba a Fitar da Ruwan Datti Ba: A yi amfani da ruwan datti na gida don sake amfani da shi a wuraren goge iskar gas ko kuma a yi wa lambun lambu gyaran fuska, yayin da ake aiwatar da amfani da ruwan datti da ake samarwa a cikin ruwa. Aikin Shanxi Taigu ya cimma nasarar fitar da ruwan datti ba tare da zubar da shi ba, wanda ya adana kimanin tan 100,000 na ruwa a kowace shekara.
- Sake Amfani da Sharar Datti: Mayar da ƙurar da aka tattara a cikin jakunkuna (kimanin tan 344/shekara) da tarkacen niƙa (kimanin tan 500/shekara) zuwa layin samarwa, wanda hakan ke rage yawan amfani da kayan masarufi da hayakin da ya shafi maganin sharar gida.
IV. Manufofi da Haɗin Kan Kasuwa: Jagoranci Canjin Masana'antu
1. Aiwatar da Ka'idojin Fitar da Iska Mai Ƙarancin Rage Shigewa
Yi amfani da ƙa'idodi kamarMa'aunin Tsabtace Gurɓatattun Abubuwa ga Masana'antar Aluminum(GB25465-2010), wanda ya tilasta wa ƙwayoyin cuta, yawan SO₂, da NOx na ≤10 mg/m³, ≤35 mg/m³, da ≤50 mg/m³, bi da bi, su tilasta haɓaka fasaha.
2. Ra'ayoyin Kasuwar Ciniki da Carbon
A haɗa da samar da lantarki mai siffar graphite a kasuwar carbon ta ƙasa don ƙirƙirar ƙuntatawa ta tattalin arziki ta hanyar cinikin ƙimar carbon. Misali, idan kamfani ya rage fitar da hayakin carbon a kowace tan na electrodes daga tan 4.5 zuwa tan 3, zai iya cin gajiyar sayar da ƙimar da ta wuce kima, wanda hakan zai haifar da kyakkyawan zagaye na rage fitar da hayaki.
3. Takaddun Shaidar Tsarin Kayayyakin Kore
Masu yin ƙarfe na ƙasa za su iya ba da fifiko ga siyan na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarancin carbon don ƙarfafa masu samar da wutar lantarki a sama don rage hayaki. Misali, wata masana'antar ƙarfe tanderu mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta buƙaci masu samar da wutar lantarki su cimma tan ≤3.5 na hayakin CO₂ a kowace tan na na'urorin lantarki, wanda hakan ya sanya farashin farashi na 10% ga waɗanda ba su bi ƙa'ida ba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-12-2025