Waɗanne hanyoyi ne ake bi don magance ƙurar graphite da kuma sharar lantarki?

Hanyoyin Magani Masu Cikakkun Bayanai Don Kura da Waste Electrodes na Graphite

I. Maganin Kura Mai Zane-zane: Haɗin kai tsakanin Fasaha da Yawa don Ingantaccen Gudanarwa

1. Tsarin Kula da Tushe da Fasahar Kamawa

  • Tsarin Rufewa da Murfin da aka Rufe: Sanya murfin da aka rufe a wuraren samar da ƙura masu mahimmanci (misali, niƙa, tantancewa, jigilar kaya) tare da matattara masu inganci (misali, masu tattara ƙura masu haɗaka a cikin jaka ta electrostatic). Wannan yana rage yawan samar da ƙura daga 2,000–3,000 mg/m³ zuwa yawan fitar da ƙura daga 20–30 mg/m³, wanda ke cimma kashi 99% na ingancin cire ƙura.
  • Kayan Aikin Cire Kura Mai Hana Fashewa: Ganin yadda ƙurar graphite ke da tasiri ga iska da kuma yadda take da saurin tartsatsi, yi amfani da masu tattara ƙurar da ba ta da ƙarfin fashewa (misali, masu raba guguwa tare da matatun jakunkuna masu hana fashewa) don rage haɗarin fashewa idan aka haɗa su da kayan da za su iya ƙonewa.
  • Tsarin Tattara Kura Mai Daɗi: Yi amfani da feshin maganin ruwa don kwantar da ƙurar da ta dace da kayan aiki. Lura: Tabbatar an busar da kayan lantarki (misali, 60-80°C a cikin tanda mai ɗaukar iska na tsawon awa 1) don hana gurɓatar mai mai amfani da wutar lantarki.

2. Tsarkakewar Iska da Kula da Fitar da Iska

  • Tsarin Tsaftacewa Mai Matakai Daban-daban: Sanyaya shaye-shayen mai zafi mai zafi ta hanyar musayar zafi, sannan a bi ta ta hanyar raba iskar guguwa (don manyan ƙwayoyin cuta), injin goge alkaline (don kawar da iskar gas mai guba), da kuma hasumiyar shaƙar carbon da aka kunna (don cire VOC). Fitar ƙarshe tana faruwa ta hanyar tarin shaye-shaye mai nisan mita 15, wanda ke tabbatar da bin ƙa'idodinMa'aunin Fitar da Gurɓataccen Iska ga Tushen Gabaɗaya(GB 16297-1996).
  • Kulawa da Ingantawa ta Yanar Gizo: Shigar da na'urori masu auna sigina don ƙwayoyin cuta da yawan VOC don daidaita sigogi kamar maganin gogewa da kuma tazara maye gurbin carbon da aka kunna, tare da kiyaye yawan fitar da hayaki ƙasa da 120 mg/m³.

3. Matakan Kulawa na Taimako

  • Man shafawa na Kayan Aiki: A shafa magungunan kashe ƙura (misali, maganin polyacrylamide) a cikin tarin ma'adanai da tafkunan wutsiya, a kiyaye danshi a saman ƙasa da kashi 6-8% don rage ƙurar da ta ɓace.
  • Kula da Kayan Aiki da Kare Ma'aikata: A riƙa tsaftace jakunkunan tacewa akai-akai, a duba hatimin bututun, sannan a bai wa masu aiki na'urorin numfashi na N95 da tufafi masu hana ƙura don rage haɗarin kamuwa da su a wurin aiki.

II. Maganin Electrode na Graphite: Daidaita Farfado da Albarkatu da Zubar da Muhalli

1. Jiyya Kafin Jiki

  • Rarrabawa da Tsaftacewa: Rarraba na'urorin lantarki ta nau'in (misali, ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun, babban ƙarfi), cire ƙazanta daga saman mai da ƙarfe, sannan a tsaftace ta amfani da na'urorin ultrasonic (mita 40 kHz) na tsawon mintuna 10-15.
  • Murkushewa da Tantancewa: Yi amfani da na'urorin murƙushe muƙamuƙi don rage ƙwayoyin lantarki zuwa ƙwayoyin ≤50 mm, sannan a tace ta hanyar allon girgiza. A riƙe ƙwayoyin 5-50 mm don samar da ƙwayoyin lantarki da aka sake sabuntawa.

2. Tsarkakewa da Sabunta Sinadarai

  • Zafin Zafi Mai Yawa: Zafafa barbashi a cikin tanderun graphitization a zafin 2,800–3,000°C na tsawon awanni 4–6 don cire ƙazanta masu canzawa (misali, sulfur, nitrogen), yana ƙara yawan sinadarin carbon zuwa ≥99.5%.
  • Zubar da sinadarin Acid don Cire Datti: A nutsar da barbashi da aka niƙa a cikin sinadarin hydrochloric acid mai kauri 15-20% a zafin 80-90°C na tsawon awanni 2 don kawar da sinadarin aluminum, iron, da sauran ƙazanta na ƙarfe. A tace a tace kafin a fitar da shi.

3. Sake Amfani da Na'urar Electrode ta Musamman

  • Rabawar Electrode ta Platinum-Iridium: Don na'urorin lantarki masu matakin likitanci waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙarfe na platinum-iridium, a narke platinum a cikin ruwa mai narkewa (80°C na tsawon awanni 3). A cire iridium ta hanyar amfani da electrolysis na gishirin da aka narke (tsarin NaCl-KCl a 700°C) sannan a tace duka zuwa 99.99% tsarki ta amfani da narkewar yanki.
  • Sake Farfado da Wutar Lantarki Mai Tushen Tagulla: A murƙushe ƙwayoyin lantarki na jan ƙarfe da graphite, a raba graphite (yawan: 1.8–2.1 g/cm³) da kuma foda na jan ƙarfe (yawan: 8.9 g/cm³) ta hanyar flotation, sannan a tace foda na jan ƙarfe zuwa jan ƙarfe mai tsarki ta hanyar electrolysis (yawan yanzu: 200 A/m²).

III. Nazarin Fasaha da Tattalin Arziki da Nazarin Masana'antu

1. Kwatanta Farashi da Amfani

  • Matatun Jaka: Zuba jari na farko: ~¥500,000; farashin aiki: ¥0.2/m³ na iskar shaye-shaye. Ya dace da manyan kamfanonin lantarki na graphite electrode (ƙarfin shaye-shaye na shekara-shekara ≥100,000 m³).
  • Tsarin Tattara Kura Mai Daɗi: Zuba jari a kayan aiki: ¥200,000; kuɗin maganin ruwa: ¥0.5/tan na ruwan shara. Ya dace da ƙananan ayyuka zuwa matsakaici.
  • Sabunta Wutar Lantarki ta Waste: Kowane tan yana samar da graphite kilogiram 850 (kimanin ¥3,000) da ƙarfe kilogiram 150 (kimanin ¥5,000), wanda ke samar da jimillar kuɗin shiga na ¥8,000. Lokacin mayar da hannun jari: shekaru 1.5-2.

2. Nazarin Shari'o'in Masana'antu

  • Babban Kamfanin Electrode na Graphite: Ya rungumi tsarin "静电袋式除尘器 (matatar jakunkunan lantarki) + hasumiyar shaƙar carbon da aka kunna", yana rage hayakin barbashi daga 2,000 mg/m³ zuwa 15 mg/m³ kuma ya cimma kashi 95% na cire VOC. An rage tarar muhalli ta shekara-shekara da ¥ miliyan 2.
  • Masana'antar Sake Amfani da Wutar Lantarki ta Lafiya: An dawo da ƙarfe na platinum-iridium zuwa tsarkin kashi 99.99% ta hanyar amfani da narkakken gishirin lantarki, wanda ake amfani da shi kai tsaye a masana'antar na'urar auna bugun zuciya. An adana ¥1.2 miliyan a kowace tan na ƙwayoyin lantarki masu sharar gida a farashin kayan aiki.

IV. Jagororin Manufofi da Ka'idoji

  • Ka'idojin Fitar da Iska: Bi umarninTsarin Fitar da Gurɓataccen Graphite Industry(GB 31573-2015), wanda ke ba da umarnin fitar da ƙwayoyin cuta ≤30 mg/m³ da kuma VOC ≤100 mg/m³.
  • Rage Rage Albarkatu: Karfafa amfani daBayanin Fasaha don Sake Amfani da Waste Graphite Electrodes(GB/T 35164-2017) tare da ƙarin haraji (misali, maida kashi 70% na VAT ga samfuran graphite da aka sake sabunta).
  • Dokokin Tsaro: Bi Dokokin TsaroDokar Tsaron Rigakafin Fashewar Kura(GB 15577-2018), waɗanda ke buƙatar na'urorin rage fashewa (matsi: 0.01–0.02 MPa) da kuma duba ƙasa ta hanyar amfani da na'urar lantarki don tsarin cire ƙura.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-14-2025