Matsayin Aikace-aikace da Binciken Hasashe na Electrodes na Graphite a cikin Kayan Anode don Batirin Lithium-Ion
1. Matsayin Aikace-aikacen: Graphite Ya Mamaye Kasuwa Amma Yana Fuskantar Matsi Na Juyawar Fasaha
1.1 Matsayin Kasuwa Mafi Girma
Kayan anode na graphite (gami da graphite na halitta da na roba) sun kasance babban abin da ake amfani da shi a cikin anodes na batirin lithium-ion, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 99% na jigilar kaya a duniya a shekarar 2024. Graphite na roba, tare da fa'idodi kamar yawan famfo mai yawa, kyakkyawan aikin zagayowar (> zagaye 1,500), da kuma kashi 93% na inganci na farko, ya mamaye ɓangaren batirin wutar lantarki tare da kashi sama da kashi 80% na kasuwa. A matsayinta na babbar mai samar da kayayyaki a duniya, China ta cimma nasarar samar da tan miliyan 2.16 na metric a shekarar 2024, wanda ya mamaye kashi 98.5% na kasuwar duniya, tare da anodes na graphite waɗanda suka ƙunshi sama da kashi 75% na wannan jimillar.
1.2 Muhimman Fa'idodin Farashi
Anod na graphite sun cimma ƙarancin farashi ta hanyar tattalin arziki mai girma, inda farashin graphite na roba na cikin gida a China ya faɗi daga RMB 55,000/ton a 2022 zuwa RMB 16,500/ton a 2024, raguwar kashi 21.43%. Wannan ingantaccen farashi yana tabbatar da karɓuwa sosai a fannoni masu saurin farashi kamar na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani da makamashi da adana su.
1.3 Matsalolin Fasaha Masu Tasowa
Ƙarfin ikon da Graphite ke da shi na musamman yana iyakance ga 372 mAh/g, yana gab da kusantar matakin aiki kuma yana fama da wahalar biyan buƙatun "tsawon zango mai tsawo" a cikin sabbin motocin makamashi (NEVs). Neman ƙarin yawan makamashi a cikin batirin wutar lantarki mai inganci yana haifar da sauyi zuwa ga kayan zamani na gaba kamar su silicon da hard carbon anodes.
2. Abubuwan da ake fatan samu: Ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci amma suna fuskantar haɗarin maye gurbin na dogon lokaci.
2.1 Na ɗan gajeren lokaci (Shekaru 3-5): Graphite ya rage a tsakiya
- Ci Gaban Buƙatu Mai Dorewa: Faɗaɗawa a kasuwannin adana makamashi na NEVs da kasuwannin adana makamashi zai haifar da buƙatar kayan anode, inda aka yi hasashen cewa jigilar kayayyaki na China za ta kai tan miliyan 2.41 nan da shekarar 2025, tare da har yanzu ana sa ran samun anode na graphite sama da kashi 70%.
- Ingantaccen Fasaha Yana Ci Gaba Da Gwaninta: Fasahar shafa ruwa-lokaci ta tsawaita tsawon zagayowar graphite anode fiye da zagayowar 2,000, yayin da ƙirar tsarin 3D mai ramuka ke ba da damar caji cikin sauri na mintuna 15 zuwa ƙarfin kashi 80%, wanda ke biyan buƙatun kayan lantarki na masu amfani da wutar lantarki da batura masu ƙarancin ƙarfi.
- Fa'idodin Farashi Ba A Yi Kokari Ba: Sabbin abubuwa a cikin hanyoyin graphitization (misali, ci gaba da graphitization) suna ƙara rage farashi, yayin da anodes na silicon suka kasance mafi tsada sau 3-5, wanda ke iyakance ɗaukar taro na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
2.2 Tsawon Lokaci (Shekaru 5-10): Anodes da aka yi da silicon suna samun karɓuwa, suna matse hannun jarin kasuwar Graphite
- Nasarorin Anode da aka Gina a Silicon: Ci gaba a cikin zane-zanen nanostructured, inganta murfin carbon, da fasahar kafin litiation sun inganta ingancin zagaye na farko zuwa sama da kashi 85%, tsawaita tsawon lokacin zagaye fiye da zagaye 1,000, da kuma rage farashi da kashi 60% daga matakan 2022 zuwa RMB 180/kg. Ana sa ran kasuwar anode da aka Gina a silicon ta duniya za ta kai RMB biliyan 30 nan da shekarar 2025, tare da shigar da kayayyaki ya wuce kashi 10%, kuma mai yiwuwa kashi 25% nan da shekarar 2030.
- Manufofi da Abubuwan da ke Haifar da Kasuwa: Ana sa ran tallace-tallace na NEV na duniya zai kai raka'a miliyan 60 nan da shekarar 2030, yayin da ake sa ran ƙarfin adana makamashi zai karu daga 300 GWh a shekarar 2025 zuwa 800 GWh a shekarar 2030. Bukatun yawan makamashi mai yawa zai hanzarta ɗaukar anodes masu tushen silicon.
- Janyewar Graphite daga Masana'anta: Ananodes na Graphite na iya komawa ga batirin wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, ajiyar makamashi, da na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, tare da raguwar kasuwar ta hanyar amfani da silicon, lithium-metal, da sauran kayan zamani.
2.3 Haɗarin Sauyawar da Ke Iya Faru: Batirin Sodium-Ion da Batirin Sodium-State Mai Ƙarfi
- Kasuwancin Batirin Sodium-Ion: Idan farashin ya faɗi ƙasa da RMB 0.3/Wh, batirin sodium-ion na iya kawo cikas ga buƙatar anode na graphite, musamman a wurin adana makamashi.
- Rushewar Batirin Jiki Mai Ƙarfi: Haɗuwar electrolytes masu ƙarfi da kuma anodes na lithium-metal na iya kawo sauyi a yanayin anode, kodayake har yanzu kasuwanci yana nan da shekaru 5-10.
3. Yanayin Masana'antu da Shawarwari Kan Dabaru
3.1 Umarnin Juya Fasaha
- Anodes na Graphite: Mayar da hankali kan inganta aikin caji cikin sauri (misali, rufin ruwa-lokaci), rage farashi (misali, ci gaba da zane-zane), da kuma tsawon rai (misali, tsarin ramuka na 3D).
- Anodes na Silicon: Kula da lokacin girma na tsarin silicon-carbon na CVD, masana'antu kafin litiation, da aikace-aikacen haɗakar graphite-silicon (misali, mafita na S+i graphite na BTR).
- Anodes Masu Fitowa: Anodes na ƙarfe da na lithium da carbon masu ramuka don batirin lithium-sulfur suna shiga matakai na gwaji, tare da ayyukan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masana'antu da jami'o'i sun ninka sau uku tun daga 2022.
3.2 Shawarwari Kan Dabaru na Kamfanoni
- Tsarin Gajeren Lokaci: Ƙirƙirar anodes don tsarin cathode mai yawan nickel da kuma haɗakar silicon-carbon don haɓaka ƙimar samfura.
- Tsarin Dogon Lokaci: Zuba jari a cikin manyan haƙƙin mallaka (misali, gyare-gyaren shafi, kafin a yi musu shari'a) da kuma haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi tare da manyan masana'antun batirin duniya guda 5 don ƙarfafa matsayin kasuwa.
- Rage Haɗari: Rarraba jari a fannoni daban-daban na fasahar graphite, silicon, da lithium-metal don kare haɗarin maye gurbin; fifita masu samar da kayayyaki masu ƙarfin aikin ESG da ayyukan masana'antu masu kore.
4. Kammalawa
Na'urorin lantarki na Graphite sun kasance ba makawa a cikin anodes na batirin lithium-ion a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, waɗanda aka ƙarfafa su ta hanyar ƙarancin farashi, kwanciyar hankali, da kuma ci gaba da gyare-gyaren fasaha. Duk da haka, ci gaba a cikin anodes na tushen silicon da karuwar buƙatun yawan kuzari a cikin NEVs suna haifar da haɗarin maye gurbin na dogon lokaci. Kamfanoni dole ne su daidaita kirkire-kirkire, sarrafa farashi, da juriyar sarkar samar da kayayyaki zuwa sauyawa daga "faɗaɗa girma" zuwa "haɓaka inganci," a ƙarshe suna tura masana'antar zuwa ga yawan kuzari mafi girma, tsawon rai, da ƙarancin farashi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-22-2025