Wace muhimmiyar rawa coke mai siffar graphitized ke takawa a cikin ɗan gajeren tsari da kuma narkar da tanderun lantarki marasa ƙarancin carbon?

Muhimman Ayyuka da Binciken Man Fetur Mai Graphitized a cikin Wutar Lantarki (EAF) Tsarin Gajere da Yin Karfe Mai Ƙarancin Carbon

I. Babban Kayan Rarraba na Graphite Electrodes, Taimakawa Ingantaccen Aikin Tsarin Gajeren Aiki na EAF

1. Halayen Kayan Danye da Dacewar Tsarin Aiki Coke mai siffar petroleum wani samfuri ne da aka samo daga petroleum coke wanda aka sanya masa graphitization a yanayin zafi sama da 2,500°C, yana canza tsarin lu'ulu'u daga yanayin rashin tsari zuwa siffar graphite mai tsari sosai. Yana nuna babban ƙarfin lantarki, babban ƙarfin zafi, juriyar zafi mai tsanani (daga yanayin zafi sama da 3,000°C), da kuma daidaiton sinadarai. Waɗannan kaddarorin sun sanya shi kyakkyawan kayan aiki don samar da electrodes na graphite, waɗanda sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da aiki a cikin aikin ƙarfe na EAF.

2. Inganta Inganci a Aikin Karfe Mai Gajeren Aiki Tsarin gajeriyar hanya ta EAF galibi yana amfani da ƙarfe mai tarkace a matsayin abincin dabbobi, yana narkar da shi kai tsaye kuma yana lalata ƙazanta ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki da aka samar ta hanyar lantarki mai suna graphite electrodes. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin dogon lokaci na tanderun iskar oxygen mai suna BF-BOF (wanda ke buƙatar ƙarfe da kwal mai coking), tsarin gajeriyar hanya ta EAF yana kawar da matakin yin ƙarfe, yana rage tsawon aiki da sama da 60%, yana rage yawan amfani da makamashi da kusan 60%, kuma yana rage fitar da CO₂ da kusan 80%. Elektrodes mai suna graphite mai aiki mai suna coke suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan tsari:

• Babban Watsa Wutar Lantarki: Yana rage asarar makamashin lantarki, yana haɓaka ingancin zafi, kuma yana rage zagayowar narkewa (misali, ƙididdigar EAFs yana rage lokacin narkewa da kashi 50% idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin gargajiya).
• Juriyar Zafi: Yana jure yanayin zafi mai tsanani a cikin EAFs, yana rage yawan amfani da lantarki (misali, EAFs na muhalli suna rage yawan amfani da lantarki da kashi 57.5% idan aka kwatanta da tanderun gargajiya).
• Daidaiton Sinadarai: Yana hana haɗuwa tsakanin na'urorin lantarki da ƙarfe mai narkewa ko tarkace, yana tabbatar da tsarkin ƙarfe.

II. Tuki da Sarrafa Karfe Mai Ƙarancin Carbon: Canjin Kore daga Kayan Danye zuwa Sarrafa

1. Sauya Man Fetur na Fossil don Rage Haɗarin Carbon Tsarin dogon tsari na gargajiya ya dogara sosai akan kwal a matsayin mai da kuma mai rage hayaki, wanda ke haifar da babban ƙarfin carbon. Sabanin haka, tsarin gajeriyar hanya na EAF yana amfani da ƙarfe da wutar lantarki a matsayin tushen makamashinsa, yana cimma maye gurbin "kwal-zuwa-lantarki" ta hanyar lantarki mai siffar graphite na petroleum coke. Idan ana amfani da makamashin da ake sabuntawa (misali, hasken rana ko iska), hayakin carbon kusan babu shi zai yiwu. Misali, eco-EAFs suna amfani da makamashin kore don narkar da albarkatun ƙasa masu ƙarancin carbon, suna samar da billets na ƙarfe tare da fasahar "marasa haɗarin carbon" da kusan sifili hayakin CO₂.

2. Maido da Zafin Shara da Inganta Ingancin Makamashi Babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na coke mai siffar graphitized yana tallafawa aiwatar da tsarin dawo da zafi na sharar gida a cikin EAFs. Iskar gas mai ƙura mai yawan zafin jiki (yana ɗauke da kashi 11-20% na kuzarin shigarwa) na iya dawo da zafi ta hanyar lantarki na graphite ko masu musayar zafi na musamman don dumama ko samar da wutar lantarki, wanda ke rage yawan amfani da makamashi sosai. Misali, fasahar dumama tarkace tana ɗaga yanayin zafi daga yanayi zuwa sama da 600°C, tana rage zagayowar narkewa da kashi 15-20% da rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki a kowace tan na ƙarfe da kashi 36.95-40.22%.

3. Inganta Amfani da Albarkatun Karfe Mai Zagaye Tsarin EAF mai gajere, wanda aka samar da shi ta hanyar amfani da coke mai siffar graphitized, yana canza masana'antar ƙarfe daga tsarin "albarkatu-samfurori-sharar gida" zuwa tsarin "albarkatu-samfurori-da aka sake amfani da su". Nan da shekarar 2024, manyan kamfanoni sun cimma yawan samar da ƙarfe masu zafi masu ƙarfi, masu siriri sosai, suna biyan buƙatun rage nauyi yayin da suke daidaita farashi da fa'idodin muhalli na "ƙarfe kore."

III. Haɓaka Fasaha da Yanayin Kasuwa: Darajar "Tooya" ta Man Fetur Mai Graphitized Coke Yana Haskawa

1. Bukatar Kayayyakin da Suka Fi Karfin Aiki Ya Ƙaru Yayin da ƙarfin EAF ke ƙaruwa (misali, tanderu ya wuce tan 400) kuma fasahar narkewa ta ci gaba (misali, EAFs na quantum, eco-EAFs), buƙatar electrodes na graphite masu inganci yana ƙaruwa. Coke na man fetur mai siffar graphitized, a matsayin muhimmin abu na albarkatun ƙasa, yana fuskantar ƙalubalen da suka fi yawa kan tsarki (abun da ke cikin toka <0.5%), abubuwan da ke cikinsa da yawa (zagaye 3-4), da kuma graphitization mai zafi sosai (juriya <4 μΩ·m).

2. Haɗin kai tsakanin Tsarin Kayayyakin Kore da Kayayyakin Samar da Kayayyaki A ƙarƙashin manufofin "kayan carbon biyu" na China, masu samar da coke mai siffar graphitized suna rage sawun carbon ta hanyar samar da makamashin kore da cinikin carbon, suna samun "kayan kore" da kuma jawo hankalin abokan ciniki na ƙasashen duniya masu daraja. Manyan kamfanoni kuma suna faɗaɗa a tsaye don ƙirƙirar madaukai na masana'antu da aka haɗa waɗanda suka ƙunshi "kayan coke-kayan graphitization-anode," suna daidaita sarƙoƙin samar da kayayyaki da rage farashi.

3. Manufofi da Manufofi Masu Ci Gaba da Kasuwa ke Jagoranta kamar Jagororin China kan Inganta Ingantaccen Ci gaban Masana'antar Karfe sun ba da kwarin gwiwa ga daukar EAF, tare da hasashen cewa rabon yin karfe na EAF zai karu sosai nan da shekarar 2025. A matsayin babban kayan aiki ga EAFs, coke mai siffar graphitized zai ga ci gaban kasuwa mai dorewa, wanda ke tura masana'antar zuwa ga mafi girman aiki da kuma rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli.