Menene manyan tasirin amfani da makamashi da muhalli a cikin tsarin samar da coke mai graphitized?

Binciken Babban Amfani da Makamashi da Tasirin Muhalli a Samar da Man Fetur Mai Graphitized Coke

I. Manyan Tsarin Amfani da Makamashi

1. Maganin Graphitization Mai Zafi Mai Tsayi
   Tsarin zane-zane shine babban tsari, wanda ke buƙatar yanayin zafi ya kai 2,800–3,000°C don canza carbon mara graphitic a cikin man fetur coke zuwa tsarin lu'ulu'u na graphite. Wannan matakin yana da matuƙar amfani da makamashi, tare da murhun Acheson na gargajiya suna cinye 6,000–8,000 kWh a kowace tan na wutar lantarki. Sabbin murhunan tsaye masu ci gaba suna rage wannan zuwa 3,000–4,000 kWh a kowace tan, kodayake farashin makamashi har yanzu yana wakiltar 50%–60% na jimlar kuɗin samarwa.
2. Dogon Zafi da Sanyaya Zagaye
   Tsarin gargajiya yana ɗaukar kwanaki 5-7 a kowace rukunni, yayin da sabbin murhu ke rage wannan zuwa awanni 24-48. Duk da haka, sanyaya har yanzu yana buƙatar awanni 480 na sanyaya iska ta halitta. Kamfanonin murhu da rufewa akai-akai suna haifar da ɓatar da makamashin zafi, wanda ke ƙara ƙaruwar amfani da makamashi.
3. Amfani da Makamashi a Ayyukan Taimako
   • Niƙawa da Niƙawa: Dole ne a niƙa coke ɗin mai zuwa girman barbashi na 10-20 mm, yayin da niƙa ke cinye makamashin lantarki mai yawa.
   • Tsarkakewa (Wankewa da Acid): Ana amfani da sinadarai masu guba don cire ƙazanta, wanda ke ƙara sarkakiyar tsari ba tare da amfani da wutar lantarki kai tsaye ba.
   • Kariyar Iskar Gas: Ana samar da iskar gas marasa aiki kamar argon ko nitrogen akai-akai don hana iskar shaka, wanda ke buƙatar ci gaba da aiki da kayan aikin samar da iskar gas.

II. Binciken Tasirin Muhalli

1. Fitar da Iskar Gas ta Sharar Gida
   • Matakin Ƙananan Zafin Jiki (Zafin Ɗaki–1,200°C): Calcium oxide (CaO) a cikin kayan cikawa (coke na man fetur mai ɗauke da calcined) yana amsawa da carbon don samar da carbon monoxide (CO), yayin da ruɓewar zafi ke haifar da methane (CH₄) da sauran hayakin hydrocarbon.
   • Matsayin Zafi Mai Girma (1,200–2,800°C): Sulfur, toka, da abubuwa masu canzawa suna ruɓewa, suna samar da ƙwayoyin cuta da sulfur dioxide (SO₂). Ba tare da ingantaccen magani ba, hayakin SO₂ yana haifar da ruwan sama mai guba, yayin da ƙwayoyin cuta ke lalata ingancin iska.
   • Matakan Rage Guba: Haɗakar masu raba guguwar iska, masu goge alkaline mai matakai uku, da matatun ruwa na tabbatar da cewa hayakin da aka yi wa magani ya cika ƙa'idodin ƙa'idoji.
2. Ruwan shara da Sharar Datti
   • Ruwan shara: Wankewa da sinadarin acid yana haifar da ruwan shara mai acid wanda ke buƙatar maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, yayin da ruwan sanyaya kayan aiki ke ɗauke da gurɓatattun mai waɗanda ke buƙatar rabuwa da murmurewa.
   • Sharar Datti: Ana saka kayan cikawa da aka tace waɗanda ba su da juriya sosai a cikin jaka don siyarwa ko zubar da shara, wanda hakan ke haifar da haɗarin gurɓatar ƙasa idan ba a yi amfani da shi yadda ya kamata ba.
3. Gurɓatar Kura
   Ana samun ƙura yayin niƙawa, tacewa, da kuma tsaftace tanderu. Ba tare da tsarin tattarawa da aka rufe ba, yana barazana ga lafiyar ma'aikata da kuma gurɓata muhalli.
   Matakan Kulawa: Ana kama ƙura ta amfani da cranes, hoods, da matatun jakar ajiya kafin a fitar da su ta cikin tarin shaye-shaye.
4. Amfani da Albarkatu da Haɗakar Carbon
   • Albarkatun Ruwa: Ana amfani da ruwa mai mahimmanci don sanyaya da tsaftacewa, wanda ke ƙara ta'azzara damuwar ruwa a yankunan busasshiyar ƙasa.
   • Tsarin Makamashi: Dogaro da wutar lantarki mai tushen man fetur yana haifar da hayakin CO₂. Misali, samar da tan ɗaya na lantarki mai siffar graphite yana cinye tan 1.17 na kwal na yau da kullun, wanda ke ƙara yawan sawun carbon a kaikaice.

III. Dabaru na Amsawa Masana'antu

1. Haɓaka Fasaha
   • Inganta sabbin tanderu masu ci gaba da aiki don rage zagayowar da rage amfani da makamashi (amfani da wutar lantarki ya ragu zuwa 3,500 kWh a kowace tan).
   • Yi amfani da fasahar graphitization ta microwave don dumama mai sauri (
2. Gudanar da Muhalli
   • Maganin Iskar Gas: Kona hayaki a ƙananan yanayin zafi kuma yi amfani da tarin da aka rufe tare da tsarkakewa matakai da yawa a yanayin zafi mai yawa.
   • Sake Amfani da Ruwan Datti: Aiwatar da tsarin sake amfani da ruwa don rage yawan shan ruwa mai tsafta.
   • Valorization na Sharar Datti: Sake amfani da kayan cikawa marasa inganci azaman masu sake yin carburizers ga masana'antun ƙarfe.
3. Manufofi da Haɗin Kan Masana'antu
   • Bi dokoki kamar suDokar Rigakafi da Kula da Gurɓatar IskakumaDokar Rigakafi da Kula da Gurɓatar Ruwadon aiwatar da ƙa'idojin hayaki mai ƙarfi.
   • Ci gaba da ayyukan kayan anode da aka haɗa ta hanyar gina ƙarfin zane-zane na cikin gida don rage dogaro ga masu samar da kayayyaki na waje da kuma rage gurɓataccen yanayi da ya shafi sufuri.

IV. Kammalawa

Samar da coke mai siffar graphitized wani tsari ne mai matuƙar amfani da makamashi da kuma gurɓata muhalli, inda amfani da makamashi ya ta'allaka ne a kan fasahar graphitization mai zafi da tasirin muhalli wanda ya shafi iskar shara, ruwa, sharar gida, da gurɓatar ƙura. Masana'antar tana rage waɗannan tasirin ta hanyar ci gaban fasaha (misali, tanderu mai ci gaba, dumama microwave), shugabancin muhalli (tsarkakewa mai matakai da yawa, sake amfani da albarkatu), da daidaita manufofi (ƙa'idodin hayaki, haɗaɗɗen samarwa). Duk da haka, ingantaccen tsarin makamashi mai ɗorewa - kamar haɗa wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa - ya kasance mai mahimmanci don cimma ci gaba mai ɗorewa.