1. Halayen EDM na kayan graphite.
1.1. Saurin injin fitar da kaya.
Graphite abu ne da ba na ƙarfe ba wanda ke da zafin narkewa mai yawa na 3,650 ° C, yayin da jan ƙarfe ke da zafin narkewa na 1,083 ° C, don haka wutar lantarki ta graphite za ta iya jure wa yanayin yanayin zafi mafi girma.
Idan yankin fitarwa da girman girman lantarki ya fi girma, fa'idodin yin amfani da kayan graphite masu inganci sun fi bayyana.
Tsarin wutar lantarki na graphite shine kashi 1/3 na jan ƙarfe, kuma za a iya amfani da zafin da ake samu yayin fitar da shi don cire kayan ƙarfe yadda ya kamata. Saboda haka, ingancin sarrafawa na graphite ya fi na jan ƙarfe a matsakaici da matsakaiciyar sarrafawa.
Dangane da ƙwarewar sarrafawa, saurin sarrafa fitarwa na lantarki mai siffar graphite ya fi sauri sau 1.5 ~ 2 fiye da na lantarki mai launin jan ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin yanayin amfani da ya dace.
1.2. Yawan amfani da wutar lantarki.
Electrode na Graphite yana da halin da zai iya jure yanayin yanayin wutar lantarki mai girma, ban da haka, a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayin roughing mai dacewa, gami da aikin ƙarfe na carbon da aka samar yayin cire kayan aiki a cikin abun ciki da ruwa mai aiki a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi na barbashi na carbon, tasirin polarity, a ƙarƙashin aikin cirewa na ɓangare a cikin abun ciki, barbashi na carbon za su manne da saman lantarki don samar da Layer mai kariya, tabbatar da electrode na graphite a cikin ƙaramin asara a cikin injina mai ƙarfi, ko ma "babu sharar gida".
Babban asarar lantarki a cikin EDM ya fito ne daga injinan da ba su da ƙarfi. Duk da cewa ƙimar asarar tana da yawa a cikin yanayin saitawa na kammalawa, asarar gabaɗaya kuma ƙasa ce saboda ƙaramin izinin injin da aka tanada don sassa.
Gabaɗaya, asarar electrode na graphite bai kai na electrode na jan ƙarfe ba a cikin injin sarrafa babban wutar lantarki, kuma ya ɗan fi na electrode na jan ƙarfe a cikin injin gamawa. Asarar electrode na electrode na graphite iri ɗaya ne.
1.3. Ingancin saman.
Diamita na barbashi na kayan graphite yana shafar kauri na saman EDM kai tsaye. Girman diamita ya yi ƙasa, haka nan za a iya samun ƙarancin kauri na saman.
Shekaru da suka gabata ta amfani da kayan graphite mai diamita na barbashi mai girman microns 5, mafi kyawun saman zai iya cimma edm VDI18 kawai (Ra0.8 microns), a zamanin yau diamita na hatsi na kayan graphite ya sami damar cimmawa cikin microns 3 na phi, mafi kyawun saman zai iya cimma edm VDI12 mai karko (Ra0.4 mu m) ko mafi kyawun matakin, amma electrode na graphite don madubi edm.
Kayan jan ƙarfe yana da ƙarancin juriya da tsari mai sauƙi, kuma ana iya sarrafa shi cikin kwanciyar hankali a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai wahala. Tsananin saman zai iya zama ƙasa da Ra0.1 m, kuma ana iya sarrafa shi ta madubi.
Saboda haka, idan injin fitar da ruwa yana bin wani wuri mai kyau sosai, ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da kayan jan ƙarfe a matsayin lantarki, wanda shine babban fa'idar electrode na jan ƙarfe fiye da electrode na graphite.
Amma na'urar lantarki ta jan ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin yanayin babban saitin wutar lantarki, saman lantarki yana da sauƙin zama mai kauri, yana bayyana har ma da fashewa, kuma kayan graphite ba za su sami wannan matsala ba, buƙatar ƙaiƙayin saman VDI26 (Ra2.0 microns) game da sarrafa mold, ta amfani da na'urar lantarki ta graphite za a iya yi daga mai kauri zuwa mai laushi, yana gane tasirin saman iri ɗaya, lahani na saman.
Bugu da ƙari, saboda bambancin tsarin graphite da jan ƙarfe, wurin tsatsa na fitar da wutar lantarki ta graphite ya fi na electrode na jan ƙarfe daidai gwargwado. Saboda haka, lokacin da aka sarrafa irin wannan tsatsa na saman VDI20 ko sama da haka, girman saman aikin da electrode na graphite ke sarrafawa ya fi bayyana, kuma wannan tasirin saman hatsi ya fi tasirin fitowar wutar lantarki ta jan ƙarfe kyau.
1.4. Daidaiton injina.
Matsakaicin faɗaɗa zafi na kayan graphite ƙarami ne, ƙimar faɗaɗa zafi na kayan jan ƙarfe ya ninka na kayan graphite sau 4, don haka a cikin sarrafa fitarwa, electrode na graphite ba shi da saurin lalacewa fiye da electrode na jan ƙarfe, wanda zai iya samun daidaiton sarrafawa mai karko da aminci.
Musamman idan aka sarrafa haƙarƙari mai zurfi da kunkuntar, zafin jiki mai yawa na gida yana sa electrode na jan ƙarfe ya lanƙwasa cikin sauƙi, amma electrode na graphite ba ya lanƙwasawa.
Ga na'urar lantarki ta jan ƙarfe mai girman diamita mai zurfi, ya kamata a biya wani ƙimar faɗaɗa zafi don gyara girman yayin saita injin, yayin da ba a buƙatar na'urar lantarki ta graphite ba.
1.5. Nauyin lantarki.
Kayan graphite ba su da kauri kamar na jan ƙarfe, kuma nauyin electrode ɗin graphite mai girma ɗaya shine 1/5 kawai na electrode ɗin jan ƙarfe.
Za a iya ganin cewa amfani da graphite ya dace sosai da na'urar lantarki mai girma, wanda hakan ke rage nauyin madaurin kayan aikin injin EDM sosai. Na'urar lantarki ba za ta haifar da matsala wajen mannewa ba saboda girman nauyinta, kuma zai haifar da canjin karkacewa a cikin sarrafawa, da sauransu. Za a iya ganin cewa yana da matukar muhimmanci a yi amfani da na'urar lantarki mai siffar graphite a cikin sarrafa manyan na'urori.
1.6. Wahalar kera lantarki.
Aikin injinan kayan graphite yana da kyau. Juriyar yankewa shine 1/4 kawai na jan ƙarfe. A ƙarƙashin yanayin sarrafawa mai kyau, ingancin injin niƙa graphite electrode ya ninka na jan ƙarfe sau 2-3.
Electrode ɗin graphite yana da sauƙin sharewa, kuma ana iya amfani da shi don sarrafa aikin da ya kamata a gama shi da electrodes da yawa zuwa cikin electrode guda ɗaya.
Tsarin barbashi na musamman na kayan graphite yana hana burrs faruwa bayan niƙa da ƙirƙirar lantarki, wanda zai iya biyan buƙatun amfani kai tsaye lokacin da burrs ba a cire su cikin sauƙi a cikin ƙirar mai rikitarwa ba, don haka yana kawar da tsarin goge lantarki da hannu da kuma guje wa canjin siffa da kuskuren girma da gogewa ke haifarwa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa, saboda graphite tarin ƙura ne, graphite na niƙa zai samar da ƙura mai yawa, don haka dole ne injin niƙa ya kasance yana da na'urar hatimi da na'urar tattara ƙura.
Idan ya zama dole a yi amfani da edM don sarrafa electrode na graphite, aikin sarrafa shi bai yi kyau kamar kayan jan ƙarfe ba, saurin yankewa yana da kusan kashi 40% a hankali fiye da jan ƙarfe.
1.7. Shigar da kuma amfani da lantarki.
Kayan graphite yana da kyawawan halaye na haɗawa. Ana iya amfani da shi don haɗa graphite da kayan haɗin ta hanyar niƙa wutar lantarki da kuma fitar da iska, wanda zai iya adana tsarin ƙera ramin sukurori akan kayan lantarki kuma yana adana lokacin aiki.
Kayan graphite yana da ɗan ƙarfi, musamman ƙaramin, siriri da dogayen lantarki, wanda yake da sauƙin karyewa idan aka yi amfani da shi wajen ƙarfi, amma nan take zai iya sanin cewa lantarkin ya lalace.
Idan na'urar lantarki ce ta jan ƙarfe, za ta lanƙwasa ne kawai ba za ta karye ba, wanda hakan yana da matuƙar haɗari kuma yana da wahalar samu a tsarin amfani da shi, kuma zai iya haifar da tarkacen kayan aikin cikin sauƙi.
1.8.Farashi.
Kayan jan ƙarfe abu ne da ba za a iya sabunta shi ba, yanayin farashi zai ƙara tsada, yayin da farashin kayan graphite ke da saurin daidaitawa.
Farashin kayan jan ƙarfe yana ƙaruwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, manyan masana'antun graphite suna inganta tsarin samar da graphite suna samun fa'idar gasa, yanzu, a ƙarƙashin girma ɗaya, gabaɗayan farashin kayan lantarki na graphite da farashin kayan lantarki na jan ƙarfe yana da yawa, amma graphite na iya cimma ingantaccen sarrafawa, fiye da amfani da electrode na jan ƙarfe don adana adadi mai yawa na lokutan aiki, daidai da rage farashin samarwa kai tsaye.
A taƙaice, daga cikin halaye 8 na electrode graphite, fa'idodinsa a bayyane suke: ingancin lantarkin niƙa da sarrafa fitarwa ya fi na electrode na jan ƙarfe kyau; babban electrode yana da ƙaramin nauyi, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, siririn electrode ba shi da sauƙin canzawa, kuma yanayin saman ya fi electrode na jan ƙarfe kyau.
Rashin kyawun kayan graphite shine bai dace da sarrafa fitar da ruwa mai kyau a ƙarƙashin VDI12 (Ra0.4 m) ba, kuma ingancin amfani da edM don yin electrode yana da ƙasa.
Duk da haka, daga mahangar aiki, ɗaya daga cikin muhimman dalilan da ke shafar ingantaccen haɓaka kayan graphite a China shine cewa ana buƙatar injin sarrafa graphite na musamman don niƙa lantarki, wanda ke gabatar da sabbin buƙatu don sarrafa kayan aikin masana'antar mold, wasu ƙananan kamfanoni ba za su iya samun wannan yanayin ba.
Gabaɗaya, fa'idodin electrodes na graphite sun shafi mafi yawan lokutan sarrafa edM, kuma sun cancanci a shahara da amfani da su, tare da fa'idodi masu yawa na dogon lokaci. Ana iya cike gibin sarrafa saman da kyau ta hanyar amfani da electrodes na jan ƙarfe.
2. Zaɓin kayan lantarki na graphite don EDM
Ga kayan graphite, akwai manyan alamomi guda huɗu masu zuwa waɗanda ke tantance aikin kayan kai tsaye:
1) Matsakaicin diamita na barbashi na kayan
Matsakaicin diamita na barbashi na kayan yana shafar yanayin fitarwa na kayan kai tsaye.
Mafi ƙarancin ƙwayar graphite, yawan fitar da ruwa daidai gwargwado, yanayin fitar da ruwa ya fi kwanciyar hankali, ingancin saman ya fi kyau, kuma ƙarancin asarar ya fi yawa.
Girman matsakaicin girman barbashi, mafi kyawun ƙimar cirewa za a iya samu a cikin injina masu tsauri, amma tasirin saman kammalawa ba shi da kyau kuma asarar lantarki yana da yawa.
2) Ƙarfin lanƙwasa na kayan
Ƙarfin lanƙwasa na abu yana nuna ƙarfinsa kai tsaye, yana nuna matsewar tsarinsa na ciki.
Kayan da ke da ƙarfi sosai yana da kyakkyawan aiki na juriya ga fitarwa. Ga na'urar lantarki mai daidaito sosai, ya kamata a zaɓi kayan da ke da ƙarfi mai kyau gwargwadon iko.
3) Taurin bakin teku na kayan
Graphite ya fi ƙarfe tauri, kuma asarar kayan aikin yankewa ya fi na ƙarfen yankewa.
A lokaci guda, ƙarfin kayan graphite a cikin sarrafa asarar fitarwa ya fi kyau.
4) Tsarin juriya na kayan
Yawan fitar da kayan graphite mai juriya mai yawa zai yi jinkiri fiye da wanda ke da ƙarancin juriya.
Mafi girman juriyar da ke tattare da shi, ƙarancin asarar lantarki, amma mafi girman juriyar da ke tattare da shi, kwanciyar hankalin fitarwa zai shafi.
A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan graphite daban-daban da ake samu daga manyan masu samar da graphite a duniya.
Gabaɗaya bisa ga matsakaicin diamita na barbashi na kayan graphite da za a rarraba, diamita na barbashi ≤ 4 m an ayyana shi a matsayin graphite mai kyau, barbashi a cikin 5 ~ 10 m an ayyana shi a matsayin graphite matsakaici, barbashi a cikin 10 m a sama an ayyana shi a matsayin graphite mai kauri.
Ƙaramin diamita na barbashi, da kuma tsadar kayan, ana iya zaɓar kayan graphite masu dacewa bisa ga buƙatun da farashin EDM.
3. Ƙirƙirar lantarki mai siffar graphite
Ana yin amfani da na'urar lantarki ta graphite galibi ta hanyar niƙa.
Daga mahangar fasahar sarrafawa, graphite da jan ƙarfe abubuwa ne guda biyu daban-daban, kuma ya kamata a ƙware halayen yanke su daban-daban.
Idan aka sarrafa wutar lantarki ta graphite ta hanyar amfani da na'urar lantarki ta jan ƙarfe, matsaloli za su taso ba makawa, kamar karyewar takardar akai-akai, wanda ke buƙatar amfani da kayan aikin yankewa da sigogin yankewa masu dacewa.
Yin amfani da na'urar lantarki ta graphite fiye da na'urar lantarki ta jan ƙarfe, idan aka yi la'akari da tattalin arziki, zaɓin kayan aikin carbide shine mafi araha, zaɓi kayan aikin shafa lu'u-lu'u (wanda ake kira wuka mai zane) farashi ya fi tsada, amma kayan aikin shafa lu'u-lu'u tsawon rai, daidaiton sarrafawa, fa'idar tattalin arziki gabaɗaya tana da kyau.
Girman Kusurwar gaba ta kayan aikin kuma yana shafar tsawon lokacin aikinsa, Kusurwar gaba ta 0° za ta fi 50% girma fiye da Kusurwar gaba ta 15° na tsawon lokacin aikin kayan aikin, kwanciyar hankali na yankewa shi ma ya fi kyau, amma girman Kusurwar, mafi kyawun saman injin, amfani da Kusurwar 15° na kayan aikin zai iya cimma mafi kyawun saman injin.
Ana iya daidaita saurin yankewa a cikin injina bisa ga siffar lantarki, yawanci 10m/min, kamar injin aluminum ko filastik, kayan aikin yankewa na iya kasancewa kai tsaye a kunne da kashe kayan aikin a cikin injina mai tsauri, kuma abin da ke faruwa na rugujewar kusurwa da rarrabuwa yana da sauƙin faruwa a cikin kammala injina, kuma hanyar tafiya mai sauri ta wuka mai sauƙi galibi ana ɗaukarta.
Na'urar lantarki ta Graphite a cikin aikin yankewa za ta samar da ƙura mai yawa, domin guje wa barbashi na graphite da ke shaƙa, akwai manyan mafita guda biyu a halin yanzu, ɗaya ita ce amfani da injin sarrafa graphite na musamman, ɗayan kuma ita ce gyaran cibiyar sarrafawa ta yau da kullun, wacce aka sanye ta da na'urar tattara ƙura ta musamman.
Injin niƙa na musamman na graphite mai saurin gaske da ke kasuwa yana da ingantaccen niƙa mai yawa kuma yana iya kammala kera na'urorin lantarki masu rikitarwa cikin sauƙi tare da babban daidaito da ingancin saman.
Idan ana buƙatar EDM don yin electrode na graphite, ana ba da shawarar amfani da kayan graphite mai kyau tare da ƙaramin diamita na barbashi.
Aikin injin graphite ba shi da kyau, ƙaramin diamita na barbashi yana ƙaruwa, ana iya samun ingantaccen aikin yankewa, kuma ana iya guje wa matsaloli marasa kyau kamar karyewar waya akai-akai da kuma gefen saman.
4. Sigogi na EDM na lantarki mai siffar graphite
Zaɓin sigogin EDM na graphite da jan ƙarfe ya bambanta sosai.
Sigogi na EDM sun haɗa da na yanzu, faɗin bugun jini, rata na bugun jini da polarity.
Mai zuwa ya bayyana tushen amfani da waɗannan manyan sigogi masu ma'ana.
Yawan wutar lantarki na graphite gabaɗaya shine 10-12 A/cm2, wanda ya fi girma fiye da na electrode na jan ƙarfe. Saboda haka, a cikin kewayon wutar lantarki da aka yarda a yankin da ya dace, girman wutar da aka zaɓa, saurin sarrafa fitar da graphite zai yi sauri, ƙarancin asarar wutar lantarki zai yi ƙasa, amma ƙaiƙayin saman zai yi kauri.
Girman faɗin bugun jini, ƙarancin asarar lantarki zai kasance.
Duk da haka, faɗin bugun jini mafi girma zai sa kwanciyar hankali na sarrafawa ya tabarbare, kuma saurin sarrafawa ya ragu kuma saman zai yi tsauri.
Domin tabbatar da ƙarancin asarar lantarki yayin aikin injin, yawanci ana amfani da faɗin bugun jini mai girma, wanda zai iya samar da ƙarancin asarar injin graphite electrode idan ƙimar ta kasance tsakanin US 100 da 300.
Domin samun kyakkyawan saman da kuma tasirin fitarwa mai ƙarfi, ya kamata a zaɓi ƙaramin faɗin bugun jini.
Gabaɗaya, faɗin bugun jini na lantarki mai siffar graphite ya yi ƙasa da kashi 40% idan aka kwatanta da na lantarki mai jan ƙarfe.
Gibin bugun jini galibi yana shafar saurin fitar da iska da kuma daidaiton injin. Mafi girman darajar, mafi kyawun daidaiton injin zai kasance, wanda ke da amfani don samun daidaiton saman, amma saurin injin zai ragu.
A ƙarƙashin yanayin tabbatar da daidaiton sarrafawa, ana iya samun ingantaccen aiki ta hanyar zaɓar ƙaramin gibin bugun jini, amma lokacin da yanayin fitarwa bai da ƙarfi, ana iya samun ingantaccen aiki ta hanyar zaɓar babban gibin bugun jini.
A cikin injin sarrafa fitar da lantarki ta graphite, gibin bugun jini da faɗin bugun jini yawanci ana saita su ne a 1:1, yayin da a cikin injin sarrafa lantarki ta jan ƙarfe, gibin bugun jini da faɗin bugun jini yawanci ana saita su ne a 1:3.
A ƙarƙashin tsarin sarrafa graphite mai karko, ana iya daidaita rabon daidaitawa tsakanin tazara da faɗin bugun jini zuwa 2:3.
Idan aka sami ƙaramin ƙwanƙwasa bugun jini, yana da amfani a samar da wani Layer mai rufewa a saman electrode, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage asarar electrode.
Zaɓin polarity na electrode graphite a cikin EDM yayi daidai da na electrode na jan ƙarfe.
Dangane da tasirin polarity na EDM, yawanci ana amfani da injin polarity mai kyau lokacin da ake yin injin ƙarfe mai mutuwa, wato, ana haɗa na'urar lantarki zuwa sandar tabbatacce na samar da wutar lantarki, kuma an haɗa aikin da sandar mara kyau na samar da wutar lantarki.
Ta amfani da babban ƙarfin lantarki da faɗin bugun jini, zaɓar injin sarrafa polarity mai kyau zai iya haifar da ƙarancin asarar electrode. Idan polarity ɗin ba daidai ba ne, asarar electrode ɗin zai yi girma sosai.
Sai lokacin da ake buƙatar a sarrafa saman da kyau ƙasa da VDI18 (Ra0.8 m) kuma faɗin bugun jini ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai, ana amfani da tsarin polarity mara kyau don samun ingantaccen ingancin saman, amma asarar lantarki tana da girma.
Yanzu kayan aikin injin CNC edM suna da sigogin injinan fitar da graphite.
Amfani da sigogin lantarki yana da hankali kuma ana iya samar da shi ta atomatik ta hanyar tsarin ƙwararren kayan aikin injin.
Gabaɗaya, injin zai iya saita sigogin sarrafawa da aka inganta ta hanyar zaɓar nau'in kayan aiki, nau'in aikace-aikacen, ƙimar ƙazanta ta saman da shigar da yankin sarrafawa, zurfin sarrafawa, sikelin girman lantarki, da sauransu. A lokacin shirye-shirye.
Saita don electrode na edm na kayan aikin ɗakin karatu mai wadata na kayan aiki, nau'in kayan zai iya zaɓar a cikin graphite mai kauri, graphite, graphite yayi daidai da nau'ikan kayan aiki iri-iri, don raba nau'in aikace-aikacen don daidaitaccen tsagi, zurfin tsagi, kaifi mai kaifi, babban yanki, babban rami, kamar lafiya, kuma yana ba da ƙarancin asara, daidaito, babban inganci da sauransu akan nau'ikan zaɓin fifiko na sarrafawa da yawa.
5. Kammalawa
Sabon kayan lantarki na graphite ya cancanci a shahara sosai kuma a hankali masana'antar kera mold za ta gane kuma ta amince da fa'idodinsa.
Zaɓin kayan lantarki na graphite daidai da kuma inganta hanyoyin haɗin fasaha masu alaƙa zai kawo babban inganci, inganci mai kyau da fa'ida mai araha ga kamfanonin kera mold
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-04-2020