1. Matakin dumama zafin jiki mai ƙarancin zafi (zafin ɗaki zuwa 350℃)
Lokacin da ainihin zafin jiki na jikin kore ya kai digiri 100 zuwa 230 na Celsius, jikin kore ya fara laushi, damuwar ciki ta huta, ƙarar ta ɗan faɗaɗa, amma ba a fitar da abubuwa masu canzawa da yawa ba, kuma jikin kore yana cikin matakin filastik. A wannan matakin, babban aikin shine a kunna carbon billet kafin a fara dumama shi. Saboda bambancin zafin jiki da matsin lamba a cikin akwatin kore, wasu daga cikin abubuwan haske na kwalta suna ƙaura suna yaɗuwa da gudana. Yayin da zafin jiki ke ci gaba da hauhawa zuwa 230-400℃, ƙimar ruɓewar kwalta a hankali take ƙaruwa. Musamman a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na 350-400℃, kwalta yana ruɓewa da ƙarfi kuma ana fitar da adadi mai yawa na abubuwa masu canzawa. A wannan matakin, ana buƙatar a sarrafa ƙimar dumama don hana hauhawar zafin jiki kwatsam haifar da yawan damuwa na ciki, kuma a lokaci guda, don guje wa sakin abubuwa masu canzawa da sauri waɗanda ka iya haifar da fashe a cikin akwatin carbon.
2. Matakan zafi mai matsakaicin zafi (350℃ zuwa 800℃)
Idan yanayin zafi na jikin kore ya tashi zuwa 400-550℃, raguwar da saurin juyawar kwalta zai ragu, yana shiga wani mataki da tasirin polycondensation ya mamaye. A yanayin zafi mai yawa, kwalta yana fuskantar rugujewar zafi da kuma polycondensation don samar da semi-coke. A wannan lokacin, adadin abubuwan da ke haifar da canzawa yana raguwa, kuma girman jikin kore yana canzawa daga faɗaɗawa zuwa matsewa. Lokacin da ainihin zafin jiki na jikin kore ya kai 500 zuwa 700℃, rabin-coke da kwalta ya samar ya ƙara canzawa zuwa binder coke (kwalta asfalt), abin da ke haifar da rugujewar kwalta ya ƙara raguwa, kuma jikin kore na carbon yana ci gaba da raguwa. A wannan lokacin, mai ɗaure kwalta ya canza zuwa binder coke, kuma yanayin zafi na jikin kore na carbon ya ƙaru. Wannan mataki muhimmin mataki ne wanda ke shafar ingancin gasawa. Mai ɗaure yana fuskantar adadi mai yawa na rugujewar rikitarwa, polymerization, cyclization da halayen ƙanshi. Rushewar manne da sake haɗa samfuran ruɓewa suna faruwa a lokaci guda, suna samar da matsakaicin lokaci. Girman matakin matsakaici yana haifar da samuwar abubuwan da suka riga suka fara aiki. A zafin 400℃, samfurin ya fara nuna coking, amma ƙarfin har yanzu yana da ƙasa sosai, kuma mannewar kwalta yana raguwa. A kusan 500℃, kodayake har yanzu akwai ƙaramin adadin abu mai canzawa, tsarin tushen carbon ya riga ya fara aiki. An samar da Semi-coke a 500 zuwa 550℃, kuma abubuwan da ke canzawa da ruɓewar kwalta ke samarwa ana fitar da su kafin 600 zuwa 650℃. An samar da coke a 700 zuwa 750℃. Domin ƙara yawan coking na kwalta da inganta halayen zahiri da na sinadarai na samfuran, dole ne a ɗaga zafin jiki daidai gwargwado a wannan matakin. Bugu da ƙari, a wannan matakin, ana fitar da adadi mai yawa na abubuwa masu canzawa, suna cika ɗakin tanda gaba ɗaya. Waɗannan iskar gas suna ruɓewa a saman samfuran zafi, suna samar da iskar carbon mai ƙarfi wanda ke zuba a kan ramuka da saman samfuran, suna ƙara yawan coke da kuma rufe ramukan samfuran, ta haka suna ƙara ƙarfinsu. Mafi kyawun fasalin amsawar a wannan matakin shine polymerization da rugujewar ƙungiyoyin aiki da kuma ƙaruwar yawan hydrogen a hankali a cikin iskar da aka fitar.
3. Matakin yin sintering mai zafi (800℃ zuwa 1200~1350℃)
Idan samfurin ya kai sama da 700℃, tsarin coking na mai ɗaurewa zai ƙare. A lokacin matakin sintering mai zafi, ana iya ƙara yawan dumama kaɗan. Bayan isa ga matsakaicin zafin jiki, ya zama dole a kiyaye zafin jiki na tsawon awanni 15 zuwa 20. A lokacin coking, ana samar da manyan ƙwayoyin planar mai ƙamshi. Kwayoyin halitta daban-daban na gefe da ƙungiyoyin atomic na ƙwayoyin planar suna karyewa kuma an cire su. Yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa, ƙwayoyin planar suna sake yin sake fasalin. Sama da 900℃, ƙwayoyin hydrogen a gefen suna karyewa a hankali kuma ana kawar da su. A lokaci guda, coke mai ɗaurewa yana ƙara raguwa da ƙaruwa. A wannan lokacin, tsarin sinadarai yana raguwa a hankali, raguwar ciki da waje yana raguwa a hankali, yayin da yawan gaske, ƙarfi da kuma ikon lantarki duk suna ƙaruwa.
4. Matakin sanyaya
A lokacin sanyaya, saurin sanyaya zai iya zama da sauri fiye da saurin dumama. Duk da haka, saboda iyakancewar yanayin zafi na samfurin, saurin sanyaya a cikin samfurin bai kai na saman ba, don haka yana samar da yanayin zafi da kuma yanayin damuwa na zafi na girma daban-daban daga tsakiya zuwa saman samfurin. Idan matsin zafi ya yi yawa, zai haifar da raguwar ciki da waje mara daidaituwa kuma yana haifar da tsagewa. Saboda haka, ya kamata a yi sanyaya ta hanyar da aka tsara. A lokacin matakin sanyaya, ana aiwatar da sanyaya gradient. Matsakaicin sanyaya a yankunan da suka wuce 800℃ bai wuce 3℃/h ba don guje wa tsagewa da saurin sanyaya ke haifarwa. Zafin da samfuran ke fitowa daga cikin tanda dole ne ya kasance ƙasa da 80℃. Lokacin amfani da tsarin sanyaya ruwa mai atomized, ya kamata a kiyaye zafin ruwan a 40℃±2℃ don hana lalacewar girgizar zafi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-11-2025