"Rarraba wutar lantarki" ya kasance babban batu a China tun watan Satumba. Dalilin "rarraba wutar lantarki" shine haɓaka manufar "rarraba carbon" da kuma kula da amfani da makamashi. Bugu da ƙari, tun farkon wannan shekarar, akwai labarai daban-daban na farashin kayan sinadarai da suka fito ɗaya bayan ɗaya, ciki har da graphite electrode, wani abu mai matuƙar muhimmanci a masana'antar ƙarfe, bai sami kulawa sosai daga kasuwa a wannan shekarar ba, da kuma masana'antar ƙarfe da kuma rarraba carbon.
Sarkar masana'antu: galibi ana amfani da ita wajen samar da ƙarfe
Electrode na Graphite wani nau'in kayan aiki ne mai jure zafi mai yawa na graphite, electrode na graphite na iya gudanar da samar da wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki, don haka yana narkewar ƙarfen sharar gida a cikin tanderun fashewa ko wasu kayan aiki don samar da ƙarfe da sauran kayayyakin ƙarfe, waɗanda galibi ake amfani da su a samar da ƙarfe. Electrode na Graphite wani nau'in abu ne mai ƙarancin juriya da juriya ga yanayin zafi a cikin tanderun lantarki. Babban halayen samar da electrode na graphite sune zagayowar samarwa mai tsawo (yawanci yana ɗaukar watanni uku zuwa biyar), yawan amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma tsarin samarwa mai rikitarwa.
Yanayin sarkar masana'antu na lantarki mai siffar graphite:
Sarkar masana'antar lantarki ta Graphite a sama, galibin kayan da ake amfani da su wajen samar da man fetur, da kuma allurar coke, kason kayan da ake amfani da su wajen samar da lantarki ta graphite ya fi girma, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 65%, saboda fasahar samar da allurar coke ta kasar Sin da kuma fasahar da ake amfani da ita idan aka kwatanta da Japan da sauran kasashe, har yanzu akwai babban gibi, ingancin allurar coke ta cikin gida yana da wuya a tabbatar da hakan, don haka dogaro da shigo da kayayyaki daga kasar Sin kan allurar coke mai inganci har yanzu yana da yawa. A shekarar 2018, jimillar samar da allurar coke a kasar Sin ya kai tan 418,000, wanda daga ciki an shigo da tan 218,000, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 50%. Babban amfani da lantarkin graphite a bangaren samar da karfe na eAF.
Ana amfani da na'urar lantarki ta Graphite galibi a aikin narkar da ƙarfe da ƙarfe. Ci gaban masana'antar lantarki ta Graphite a China ya yi daidai da sabunta masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe ta China. Na'urar lantarki ta Graphite ta China ta fara ne a shekarun 1950. Warburg Securities ta raba ci gaban na'urar lantarki ta Graphite a China zuwa matakai uku:
1. An fara haɓaka a shekarar 1995 - yawan samar da kayayyaki a shekarar 2011;
2. Bambancin kasuwanci ya ƙaru a shekarar 2013 - tattalin arzikin ya inganta sosai a shekarar 2017;
3. Shekarar 2018 tana kan turba mai kyau — yakin farashi yana ta kara kamari a shekarar 2019.
Kayayyaki da Buƙatu: Buƙatar ƙarfe tanderun lantarki ta fi yawa
Dangane da fitarwa da amfani, bisa ga binciken Frost Sullivan, samar da na'urorin lantarki na graphite a China ya ragu daga tan miliyan 0.53 a shekarar 2015 zuwa tan miliyan 0.50 a shekarar 2016, wanda hakan ya nuna raguwar yanayin aiki. A shekarar 2020, annobar ta yi mummunan tasiri ga ayyukan masana'antu saboda takaita lokutan aiki, katsewar ma'aikata da canje-canje a hanyoyin aiki.
Sakamakon haka, samar da na'urorin lantarki na graphite da China ke yi ya ragu sosai. Tana sa ran samar da kayayyaki zai kai kiloton 1,142.6 a shekarar 2025, tare da cagR na kusan kashi 9.7% daga shekarar 2020 zuwa 2025, yayin da ayyukan ke ci gaba da gudana da kuma goyon bayan manufofin gudanarwa ga ci gaban karfe na eAF.
To wannan shine fitarwa, sannan amfani. Yawan amfani da na'urar lantarki ta Graphite a China ya fara karuwa daga 2016, inda ya kai tan miliyan 0.59 a 2020, tare da cagR na 10.3% daga 2015 zuwa 2020. Ana sa ran amfani da na'urar lantarki ta Graphite zai kai tan miliyan 0.94 a 2025. Ga cikakken hasashen hukumar game da samar da na'urar lantarki ta Graphite da amfani da ita.
Fitar da na'urar lantarki ta graphite ta yi daidai da ta ƙarfen EAF. Ci gaban fitar da ƙarfe na EAF zai haifar da buƙatar na'urar lantarki ta graphite a nan gaba. China ta samar da tan miliyan 127.4 na ƙarfe na eaf da tan 742,100 na na'urorin lantarki na graphite a shekarar 2019, a cewar Ƙungiyar Ƙarfe da Karfe ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Carbon ta China. Yawan fitarwa da haɓakar na'urar lantarki ta graphite a China yana da alaƙa da yawan fitarwa da haɓakar na'urar lantarki ta eAF a China.
A shekarar 2019 da 2020, jimillar buƙatar ƙarfe na eAF da na waɗanda ba na EAF ba a duniya shine tan 1.376,800 da tan 1.472,300 bi da bi. Warburg Securities ta yi hasashen cewa jimillar buƙatar a duniya za ta ƙara ƙaruwa a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa kuma ta kai kimanin tan 2.104,400 a shekarar 2025. Buƙatar ƙarfe na tanderun lantarki ta kai mafi yawan jama'a, wanda aka kiyasta zai kai tan 1,809,500 a shekarar 2025.
Idan aka kwatanta da yin ƙarfe na tanderu mai fashewa, yin ƙarfe na tanderu mai lantarki yana da fa'idodi bayyanannu a cikin hayakin carbon. Idan aka kwatanta da yin ƙarfe na tanderu mai ƙarfe, yin ƙarfe da tan 1 na tarkacen ƙarfe na iya rage tan 1.6 na hayakin carbon dioxide da tan 3 na hayakin sharar gida. Binciken dillalai ya nuna cewa tanderu mai lantarki da tanderu mai fashewa a kowace tan na rabon hayakin carbon a matakin 0.5:1.9. Masu binciken dillalai sun ce, "haɓaka ƙarfe na tanderu mai lantarki dole ne ya zama yanayin gabaɗaya."
A watan Mayu, Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Bayanai ta fitar da Sanarwa kan Matakan Aiwatar da Sauya Ƙarfi a Masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe, wanda aka aiwatar a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Yuni. Matakan aiwatar da maye gurbin ƙarfin aiki za su ƙara yawan maye gurbin ƙarfe sosai da kuma faɗaɗa muhimman wurare don hana gurɓatar iska da kuma shawo kan gurɓatar iska. Cibiyoyi sun yi imanin cewa sabuwar hanyar maye gurbin ƙarfin aiki za ta ƙara rage ƙarfin ƙarfe, ta haɗa masana'antar ƙarfe don magance yawan ƙarfin aiki. A lokaci guda, aiwatar da hanyar maye gurbin da aka yi wa kwaskwarima zai hanzarta haɓaka eAF, kuma za a ƙara yawan ƙarfe na eAF a hankali.
Elektrode na Graphite shine babban kayan da ake amfani da shi a cikin tanderun lantarki, wanda buƙatar tanderun lantarki ke motsa shi, ana sa ran buƙatarsa za ta ƙara ƙaruwa, kuma farashinta yana shafar electrode na graphite.
Babban canjin farashi: halaye na cyclical
Daga 2014 zuwa 2016, kasuwar lantarki ta graphite ta duniya ta ragu saboda ƙarancin buƙatar da ake da ita, kuma farashin lantarki ta graphite ya kasance ƙasa. A shekarar 2016, masana'antun lantarki ta graphite don samun ƙarfin layi ƙasa da farashin masana'antu, kayan masarufi sun yi ƙasa, manufofin 2017 sun soke wutar lantarki ta DeTiaoGang ta tsakiyar mita, adadi mai yawa na baƙin ƙarfe da aka saka a cikin tanderun ƙarfe, masana'antar lantarki ta graphite a China a rabin na biyu na 2017 ta ƙaru, saboda ƙaruwar buƙatar sinadarin coke na allurar graphite akan kayan masarufi farashin ya tashi sosai a 2017. A shekarar 2019, ta kai dala $3,769.9 a kowace tan, sama da sau 5.7 daga 2016.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-15-2021