Graphitization, a matsayin babban tsarin samarwa, yawanci ana gudanar da shi ne a cikin nau'ikan kayan aiki guda huɗu: tanderun graphitization na Acheson, tanderun graphitization na ciki, tanderun graphitization na nau'in akwati, da kuma tanderun graphitization na ci gaba. Binciken takamaiman shine kamar haka:
Tanderu Mai Zane-zane na Acheson
A matsayin kayan aiki na gargajiya na yau da kullun, yana amfani da ƙa'idar dumama juriya don ɗaga zafin jiki zuwa 2,800-3,000°C, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da samar da graphite mai tsafta. Wannan nau'in tanda yana da tsari mai sauƙi da ƙarfi. Duk da haka, yana da lahani kamar tsawon zagayowar samarwa, yawan amfani da makamashi (kimanin 4,000-4,800 kWh/t), da ƙarancin inganci. A halin yanzu, kamfanoni kamar Putailai da Shanshan har yanzu suna ɗaukar wannan fasaha sosai kuma suna da ingantaccen amfani da makamashi ta hanyar inganta rabon kayan juriya da haɓaka tsarin rufi.
Tsarin Zane-zane na Cikin Gida
Wannan tanderu tana dumama kai tsaye ta cikin na'urorin lantarki da kansu, wanda hakan ke kawar da buƙatar kayan juriya don samar da zafi. Tana ba da fa'idodi kamar ingantaccen zafi mai yawa, ɗan gajeren lokacin kunnawa (awanni 1-2 kawai a lokacin babban matakin zafi), da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi (kimanin 3,300-4,000 kWh/t). Nau'ikan tanderu sun haɗa da nau'in I, nau'in U, nau'in W, da nau'in fure-fure-fure-fure-fure, tare da nau'in U da aka fi amfani da shi. Masana'antar carbon a Jamus, Amurka, da Japan sun rungumi wannan fasaha a babban sikelin don samar da manyan na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfin gaske. Duk da haka, matsakaicin zafin tanderu (kimanin 2,800°C) ya ɗan yi ƙasa da na tanderun Acheson.
Tanderu Mai Nau'in Akwati
Wannan fasaha tana amfani da faranti na carbon ko graphite don gina tsarin akwati, tana amfani da kayan da kanta a matsayin abin dumama juriya maimakon kayan juriya na gargajiya da aka yi da coke. Ta hanyar inganta rarraba filin zafi, yana rage yawan amfani da makamashi. Duk da haka, yana fuskantar ƙalubale kamar iskar shaka ta abu, ƙarancin ingancin zafi, da kuma rarraba yanayin zafi mara daidaito a cikin tanderu. Kamfanoni kamar Hebei Kuntian da Shanshan Co., Ltd. suna da haƙƙin mallaka masu dacewa kuma sun inganta daidaiton samfur ta hanyar haɓaka hatimin akwatin da inganta lanƙwasa mai aiki.
Ci gaba da Zane-zanen Wutar Lantarki
Wannan tanderu yana ba da damar ci gaba da ciyar da kayan aiki, maganin zafin jiki mai yawa (2,500-3,000°C), da kuma fitar da ruwa. Yana ba da fa'idodi kamar ingantaccen samarwa, ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, da kuma babban matakin sarrafa kansa. Ana samun ikon sarrafa yanayin zafi ta hanyar dumama juriya (hanyar dumama ta waje) ko dumama kayan kai tsaye (hanyar dumama ta ciki). Duk da haka, hanyar dumama ta ciki ta fi rikitarwa don aiki saboda dumama kai da motsi na kayan. Kamfanoni kamar Kuntian da BTR suna haɓaka masana'antar wannan fasaha, wanda ake sa ran zai maye gurbin hanyoyin samarwa na lokaci-lokaci a nan gaba.
Shawarwari kan Zaɓin Kayan Aiki da Yanayin Masana'antu
- Inganta Amfani da Makamashi: Tanderun ciki da na akwatinan suna rage yawan amfani da makamashi ta hanyar rage amfani da kayan juriya, yayin da tanderun ci gaba ke ƙara inganta inganci ta hanyar dawo da zafi, suna daidaita da buƙatar samar da ƙananan farashi a ƙarƙashin manufofin tsaka tsaki na carbon.
- Inganta Inganci: Tanderu masu ci gaba suna ba da damar samar da kayayyaki na tsawon awanni 24 ba tare da katsewa ba, tare da ƙarfin layi ɗaya wanda ya kai tan 10,000, fiye da ninka yawan kayan aikin gargajiya sau uku. Wannan ya sa sun dace da manyan masana'antun kayan anode.
- Ingancin Samfura: Tanderun Acheson ya kasance abin sha'awa ga samar da graphite mai inganci saboda yanayin zafinsa mai kyau, yayin da tanderun da ke ci gaba da aiki yana biyan buƙatun daidaito na kayan batirin wutar lantarki ta hanyar sarrafa zafin jiki daidai.
- Sauye-sauyen Fasaha: Ana gudanar da bincike da haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin aiki kamar su microwave graphitization da plasma graphitization, wanda hakan zai iya karya iyakar zafin jiki na 3,000°C da kuma rage lokacin sarrafawa a nan gaba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-10-2025