Takaitaccen Bayani:marubucin ya yi nazarin yanayin samar da allurar coke da amfani a ƙasarmu, da kuma yiwuwar amfani da shi a cikin electrode graphite da kuma kayan lantarki mara kyau a masana'antar, don yin nazarin ƙalubalen haɓaka allurar coke na mai, gami da albarkatun ƙasa suna cikin ƙarancin wadata, inganci ba shi da yawa, tsawon lokaci da kuma kimanta aikace-aikacen da yawa, ƙara yawan bincike kan rarraba samfura, aikace-aikace, da matakan aiki, kamar nazarin haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka kasuwa mai girma.
Dangane da tushen albarkatun ƙasa daban-daban, ana iya raba allurar coke zuwa allurar mai da kuma allurar kwal. Ana yin allurar mai galibi daga slurry na FCC ta hanyar tacewa, hydrodesulfurization, jinkirta coking da calcination. Tsarin yana da rikitarwa kuma yana da babban abun ciki na fasaha. Allurar coke tana da halaye na babban carbon, ƙarancin sulfur, ƙarancin nitrogen, ƙarancin toka da sauransu, kuma tana da kyawawan halaye na lantarki da na injiniya bayan graphitization. Wani nau'in kayan carbon ne mai ƙarfi wanda ke da sauƙin graphitization.
Ana amfani da allurar coke galibi don electrode mai ƙarfin gaske na graphite, da kayan cathode na batirin lithium ion, a matsayin manufofin dabarun "kololuwar carbon", "tsaka tsaki da carbon", ƙasashe suna ci gaba da haɓaka canjin masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe da motoci da haɓaka daidaita tsarin masana'antu da haɓaka aikace-aikacen fasahar kare muhalli mai ƙarancin carbon da kore, don haɓaka aikin ƙarfe na tanderu mai amfani da wutar lantarki da haɓaka sabbin motocin makamashi cikin sauri. Bukatar allurar coke mai amfani da wutar lantarki kuma tana ƙaruwa cikin sauri. A nan gaba, masana'antar allurar coke mai amfani da wutar lantarki za ta ci gaba da samun wadata sosai. Wannan batu yana nazarin matsayin aikace-aikacen da kuma yiwuwar allurar coke a cikin electrode na graphite da kayan anode, kuma yana gabatar da ƙalubale da matakan da za a ɗauka don ci gaban masana'antar allurar coke mai lafiya.
1. Binciken yadda ake samar da allurar coke da kuma yadda ake kwararar ta
1.1 Samar da allurar coke
Ana samar da allurar coke galibi a ƙasashe kaɗan kamar China, Amurka, Burtaniya, Koriya ta Kudu da Japan. A shekarar 2011, ƙarfin samar da allurar coke a duniya ya kai kusan 1200kt/a, wanda ƙarfin samar da ita ya kai 250kt/a, kuma akwai masana'antun allurar coke guda huɗu na China. Nan da shekarar 2021, bisa ga kididdigar Sinfern Information, ƙarfin samar da allurar coke a duniya zai ƙaru zuwa kusan 3250kt/a, kuma ƙarfin samar da allurar coke a China zai ƙaru zuwa kusan 2240kt/a, wanda ya kai kashi 68.9% na ƙarfin samarwa a duniya, kuma adadin masana'antun allurar coke na China zai ƙaru zuwa 21.
Tebur na 1 ya nuna ƙarfin samar da manyan masana'antun coke guda 10 a duniya, waɗanda ke da jimillar ƙarfin samar da coke 2130kt/a, wanda ya kai kashi 65.5% na ƙarfin samarwa a duniya. Daga mahangar ƙarfin samar da coke na duniya a duniya, masana'antun coke na coke na coke na man fetur gabaɗaya suna da babban girma, matsakaicin ƙarfin samarwa na masana'anta ɗaya shine 100 ~ 200kt/a, ƙarfin samar da coke na coal shine kusan 50kT/a kawai.
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ƙarfin samar da allurar coke na duniya zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa, amma galibi daga China. Tsarin samar da allurar coke na China da ake shirin yi da kuma wanda ake ginawa a yanzu yana da kusan 430kT /a, kuma yanayin ɗaukar nauyi ya ƙara tsananta. A wajen China, ƙarfin coke na allura yana da ƙarfi sosai, inda matatar OMSK ta Rasha ke shirin gina na'urar coke mai ƙarfin 38kt/a a shekarar 2021.
Hoto na 1 ya nuna samar da allurar coke a China cikin shekaru 5 da suka gabata. Kamar yadda aka gani daga Hoto na 1, samar da allurar coke a China ya sami ci gaba mai girma, tare da karuwar kashi 45% a cikin shekaru 5. A shekarar 2020, jimillar samar da allurar coke a China ya kai 517kT, ciki har da 176kT na jerin kwal da 341kT na jerin mai.
1.2 Shigo da allurar coke
Hoto na 2 ya nuna yanayin shigo da allurar coke a China cikin shekaru 5 da suka gabata. Kamar yadda aka gani daga Hoto na 2, kafin barkewar COVID-19, yawan allurar coke da aka shigo da ita a China ya karu sosai, inda ya kai 270kT a shekarar 2019, wanda ya zama mafi girma. A shekarar 2020, saboda tsadar allurar coke da aka shigo da ita, raguwar gasa, yawan kayayyakin tashar jiragen ruwa, da kuma ci gaba da barkewar annoba a Turai da Amurka, yawan allurar coke da China ta shigo da ita a shekarar 2020 ya kai 132kt kawai, wanda ya ragu da kashi 51% a shekara. A cewar kididdiga, a cikin allurar coke da aka shigo da ita a shekarar 2020, allurar coke mai ya kai 27.5kT, ya ragu da kashi 82.93% a shekara; Coke na allurar kwal mai nauyin 104.1kt, ya fi kashi 18.26% fiye da bara, babban dalilin shi ne cewa jigilar jiragen ruwa na Japan da Koriya ta Kudu ba ta da tasiri sosai daga annobar, na biyu, farashin wasu kayayyaki daga Japan da Koriya ta Kudu ya yi ƙasa da na kayayyakin da aka yi amfani da su a China, kuma yawan kayayyakin da aka yi amfani da su a ƙasa yana da yawa.
1.3 Alkiblar amfani da allurar coke
Allura coke wani nau'in kayan carbon ne mai inganci, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi azaman kayan aiki don samar da electrode mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da kayan anode na graphite na wucin gadi. Mafi mahimmancin fannoni na aikace-aikacen ƙarshen sune ƙarfe na tanderu na lantarki da batirin wutar lantarki don sabbin motocin makamashi.
Hoto na 3 ya nuna yanayin amfani da allurar coke a China cikin shekaru 5 da suka gabata. Graphite electrode shine mafi girman filin aikace-aikace, kuma yawan buƙatu yana shiga wani mataki mai faɗi, yayin da kayan lantarki masu rauni ke ci gaba da girma cikin sauri. A cikin 2020, jimillar amfani da allurar coke a China (gami da yawan kayan da aka yi amfani da su) shine 740kT, wanda daga cikinsu aka cinye 340kT na kayan da ba su da kyau da kuma 400kt na graphite electrode, wanda ya kai kashi 45% na amfani da kayan da ba su da kyau.
2.1 Ci gaban aikin ƙarfe na eAF
Masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe babbar mai samar da hayakin carbon ne a ƙasar Sin. Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na samar da ƙarfe da ƙarfe: tanderu mai fashewa da tanderu mai ƙarfi. Daga cikinsu, yin ƙarfe a kan tanderu mai ƙarfi na iya rage hayakin carbon da kashi 60%, kuma yana iya cimma sake amfani da albarkatun ƙarfe da aka lalata da kuma rage dogaro da shigo da ma'adinan ƙarfe. Masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe ta ba da shawarar ɗaukar nauyin cimma burin "kololuwar carbon" da "rashin tsaka tsaki na carbon" nan da shekarar 2025. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin manufofin masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe na ƙasa, za a sami adadi mai yawa na masana'antar ƙarfe don maye gurbin ƙarfe mai juyawa da tanderu mai fashewa da tanderu mai ƙarfi.
A shekarar 2020, fitar da danyen karfe daga China ya kai miliyan 1054.4, wanda daga ciki fitar da karfen eAF ya kai miliyan 96, wanda ya kai kashi 9.1% kacal na jimlar danyen karfe, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 18% na matsakaicin duniya, kashi 67% na Amurka, kashi 39% na Tarayyar Turai, da kashi 22% na bakin karfen EAF na Japan, akwai babban sarari don ci gaba. A cewar daftarin "Jagora kan Inganta Inganta Masana'antar Karfe da Karfe mai inganci" wanda Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Bayanai ta fitar a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2020, ya kamata a kara yawan fitar da karfen eAF a cikin jimlar fitar da danyen karfe zuwa kashi 15% ~ 20% nan da shekarar 2025. Karuwar samar da karfen eAF zai kara yawan bukatar electrodes na graphite mai karfin gaske. Tsarin ci gaban tanderun lantarki na cikin gida yana da babban inganci kuma babba, wanda ke kara bukatar manyan bayanai da electrode na graphite mai karfin gaske.
2.2 Matsayin samar da lantarkin graphite
Electrode na Graphite muhimmin abu ne da ake amfani da shi wajen yin ƙarfe na eAF. Hoto na 4 ya nuna ƙarfin samarwa da fitar da lantarki na graphite a China a cikin shekaru 5 da suka gabata. Ƙarfin samar da lantarki na graphite ya ƙaru daga 1050kT /a a shekarar 2016 zuwa 2200kt/a a shekarar 2020, tare da yawan ci gaban shekara-shekara na 15.94%. Waɗannan shekaru biyar sune lokacin haɓakar ƙarfin samar da lantarki na graphite cikin sauri, da kuma zagayowar ci gaban masana'antar lantarki ta graphite cikin sauri. Kafin shekarar 2017, masana'antar lantarki ta graphite a matsayin masana'antar masana'antu ta gargajiya tare da yawan amfani da makamashi da gurɓataccen iska, manyan kamfanonin lantarki na graphite na cikin gida suna rage samarwa, ƙananan da matsakaitan kamfanonin lantarki na graphite suna fuskantar rufewa, har ma da manyan kamfanonin lantarki na ƙasashen duniya dole ne su dakatar da samarwa, sake siyarwa da fita. A cikin shekarar 2017, bisa tasirin manufar gudanarwa ta ƙasa ta tilasta kawar da "ƙarfe mai sandar bene", farashin lantarki na graphite a China ya ƙaru sosai. Sakamakon ribar da ta wuce kima, kasuwar lantarki ta graphite ta haifar da ci gaba da faɗaɗa ƙarfin aiki.
A shekarar 2019, fitar da lantarkin graphite a kasar Sin ya kai wani sabon matsayi a 'yan shekarun nan, inda ya kai 1189kT. A shekarar 2020, fitar da lantarkin graphite ya ragu zuwa 1020kT saboda raguwar bukatar da annobar ta haifar. Amma gaba daya, masana'antar lantarkin graphite ta kasar Sin tana da karfin da ya wuce kima, kuma yawan amfani da wutar lantarki ya ragu daga kashi 70% a shekarar 2017 zuwa kashi 46% a shekarar 2020, wani sabon matakin amfani da wutar lantarki mai karancin karfin amfani.
2.3 Binciken buƙatun coke na allura a masana'antar lantarki ta graphite
Ci gaban ƙarfe na eAF zai haifar da buƙatar na'urar lantarki mai ƙarfin gaske ta graphite. An kiyasta cewa buƙatar na'urar lantarki mai ƙarfin gaske ta graphite za ta kai kimanin 1300kt a shekarar 2025, kuma buƙatar na'urar lantarki mai ƙarancin gaske ta graphite za ta kai kimanin 450kT. Domin kuwa a cikin samar da na'urar lantarki mai girman girma da ƙarfi ta graphite da haɗin gwiwa, na'urar lantarki mai amfani da mai ta fi na'urar lantarki mai amfani da kwal, yawan buƙatar na'urar lantarki mai amfani da graphite don na'urar lantarki mai amfani da mai zai ƙara ƙaruwa, wanda zai mamaye kasuwar na'urar lantarki mai amfani da kwal.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-23-2022