Abtract:marubucin yayi nazari akan yanayin samar da coke na allura da kuma amfani da shi a cikin kasarmu, da yiwuwar aikace-aikacensa a cikin graphite electrode da gurɓataccen kayan lantarki na masana'antu, don nazarin ƙalubalen ci gaban allurar coke, gami da albarkatun ƙasa suna cikin ƙarancin wadata, inganci. ba shi da girma, tsayin zagayowar da ƙimar aikace-aikacen ƙima, haɓaka binciken rarrabuwar samfur, aikace-aikacen, matakan aiki, kamar nazarin ƙungiyoyi don haɓaka kasuwa mai ƙima.
Dangane da hanyoyin da ake samu na albarkatun ƙasa daban-daban, ana iya raba coke ɗin allura zuwa coke ɗin allurar mai da coke ɗin coal coke.Coke allurar mai ana yin shi ne daga slurry FCC ta hanyar tacewa, hydrodesulfurization, jinkirta coking da calcination.Tsarin yana da ɗan rikitarwa kuma yana da babban abun ciki na fasaha.Allura coke yana da halaye na high carbon, low sulfur, low nitrogen, low ash da sauransu, kuma yana da fice electrochemical da inji Properties bayan graphitization.Yana da wani nau'i na anisotropic high-karshen carbon abu tare da sauki graphitization.
Allura coke ne yafi amfani da matsananci high ikon graphite electrode, da lithium ion baturi cathode kayan, a matsayin "carbon ganiya", "carbon tsaka tsaki" dabarun manufofin, kasashe ci gaba da inganta da baƙin ƙarfe da karfe da auto masana'antu canji da kuma inganta masana'antu tsarin. daidaitawa da haɓaka aikace-aikacen makamashi na ceton ƙarancin carbon da fasahar kare muhalli koren, don haɓaka aikin ƙarfe na murhun wutar lantarki da saurin haɓaka sabbin motocin makamashi, Buƙatar coke mai ɗanɗano kuma yana haɓaka cikin sauri.A nan gaba, masana'antun da ke ƙasa na coke na allura za su kasance masu wadata sosai.Wannan batu yana nazarin matsayin aikace-aikacen da kuma tsammanin coke na allura a cikin graphite electrode da anode abu, kuma yana gabatar da kalubale da matakan kariya don ingantaccen ci gaban masana'antar coke coke.
1. Analysis na samarwa da kwarara shugabanci na allura coke
1.1 Samar da coke na allura
Samar da coke na allura ya fi mayar da hankali ne a cikin wasu ƙasashe kamar China, Amurka, Burtaniya, Koriya ta Kudu da Japan.A shekarar 2011, ikon samar da coke na allura a duniya ya kai kusan 1200kt/a, wanda karfin aikin kasar Sin ya kai 250kt/a, kuma akwai masu kera coke din allura guda hudu na kasar Sin.A shekarar 2021, bisa kididdigar Sinfern Information, karfin samar da coke na allura a duniya zai karu zuwa kusan 3250kt/a, kuma karfin samar da coke na allura a kasar Sin zai karu zuwa kusan 2240kt/a, wanda ya kai kashi 68.9% na duk duniya. karfin samarwa, kuma adadin masu kera coke na kasar Sin zai karu zuwa 21.
Teburin 1 yana nuna ƙarfin samar da manyan masana'antun coke na allura guda 10 a duniya, tare da jimlar ƙarfin samarwa na 2130kt/a, wanda ke lissafin 65.5% na ƙarfin samarwa na duniya.Daga hangen nesa na duniya samar iya aiki na allura coke Enterprises, mai jerin allura coke masana'antun gabaɗaya suna da in mun gwada da babban sikelin, da talakawan samar iya aiki da guda shuka ne 100 ~ 200kt / a, ci jerin allura coke samar iya aiki ne kawai game da 50kT / a.
A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, karfin samar da coke na allura a duniya zai ci gaba da karuwa, amma musamman daga kasar Sin.Tsarin da kasar Sin ta tsara da kuma aikin da ake yi na samar da coke na allurar ya kai kusan 430kT/a, kuma yanayin karfin da ake samu ya kara tsananta.A wajen kasar Sin, karfin coke din allura ya tsaya tsayin daka, tare da matatar mai na OMSK na kasar Rasha na shirin gina rukunin coke mai karfin 38kt/a a shekarar 2021.
Hoto na 1 ya nuna yadda ake samar da coke na allura a kasar Sin a cikin shekaru 5 da suka gabata.Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga hoto na 1, noman coke na allura a kasar Sin ya samu bunkasuwa mai saurin fashewa, tare da karuwar karuwar kashi 45% a kowace shekara cikin shekaru 5.A shekarar 2020, jimlar samar da coke na allura a kasar Sin ya kai 517kT, ciki har da 176kT na gawayi da jerin mai 341kT.
1.2 Shigo da coke na allura
Hoto na 2 ya nuna yanayin shigo da coke na allura a kasar Sin a cikin shekaru 5 da suka gabata.Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga hoto na 2, kafin barkewar COVID-19, yawan coke na allura da ake shigowa da su kasar Sin ya karu sosai, inda ya kai 270kT a shekarar 2019, wanda ya yi yawa.A shekarar 2020, saboda tsadar coke din allura da ake shigowa da ita daga waje, da raguwar karfin takara, da yawan kididdigar tashar jiragen ruwa, da ci gaba da barkewar annoba a Turai da Amurka, adadin coke na allurar da kasar Sin ta shigo da shi a shekarar 2020 ya kai 132kt kawai, ya ragu da kashi 51%. shekara a shekara.Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, a cikin coke din allura da aka shigo da shi a shekarar 2020, coke din allurar mai ya kai 27.5kT, ya ragu da kashi 82.93% a shekara;Coal auna allurar coke 104.1kt, 18.26% fiye da na bara, babban dalilin shi ne cewa safarar ruwa na Japan da Koriya ta Kudu ba a cika samun bullar cutar ba, na biyu, farashin wasu kayayyakin daga Japan da Koriya ta Kudu ya yi ƙasa da haka. na samfurori iri ɗaya a cikin Sin, kuma ƙarar tsari na ƙasa yana da girma.
1.3 Hanyar aikace-aikacen coke na allura
Allura coke ne irin high-karshen carbon abu, wanda aka yafi amfani da matsayin albarkatun kasa don samar da matsananci-high ikon graphite lantarki da wucin gadi graphite anode kayan.Mafi mahimmancin filayen aikace-aikacen tasha sune lantarki baƙar tanderun ƙarfe ƙarfe da batura masu ƙarfi don sabbin motocin makamashi.
FIG.3 yana nuna yanayin aikace-aikacen coke na allura a China a cikin shekaru 5 da suka gabata.Electrode graphite shine mafi girman filin aikace-aikacen, kuma ƙimar haɓakar buƙatu yana shiga cikin ingantacciyar mataki, yayin da kayan lantarki mara kyau suna ci gaba da girma cikin sauri.A cikin 2020, jimlar amfani da coke na allura a cikin Sin (ciki har da amfani da kayayyaki) ya kasance 740kT, wanda 340kT na abu mara kyau da 400kt na lantarki na graphite aka cinye, wanda ya kai kashi 45% na amfani da kayan mara kyau.
2.1 Haɓaka aikin ƙarfe na eAF
Masana'antar ƙarfe da karafa ita ce babbar hanyar samar da hayaƙin carbon a China.Akwai manyan hanyoyin samar da ƙarfe da ƙarfe guda biyu: tanderun fashewa da tanderun baka na lantarki.Daga cikin su, ƙera ƙarfe na murhun wutar lantarki na iya rage hayakin carbon da kashi 60%, kuma zai iya fahimtar sake amfani da albarkatun ƙarafa da rage dogaro kan shigo da tama.Masana'antar ƙarfe da karafa sun ba da shawarar yin jagoranci don cimma burin "carbon kololuwa" da "ƙaddamar da carbon" nan da shekara ta 2025. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin manufofin masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe na ƙasa, za a sami manyan masana'antar ƙarfe don maye gurbinsu. Converter da fashewa tanderu karfe tare da wutar lantarki baka tanderu.
A shekarar 2020, danyen karfen da kasar Sin ke fitarwa ya kai 1054.4mt, wanda adadin karfen eAF ya kai kusan Mt 96, wanda ya kai kashi 9.1% na jimillar danyen karfe, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 18% na matsakaicin duniya, kashi 67% na Amurka, 39. % na Tarayyar Turai, da 22% na ƙarfe na EAF na Japan, akwai babban ɗakin ci gaba.Dangane da daftarin "Jagorar Haɓaka Ingantacciyar Haɓaka Masana'antar Tama da Karfe" wanda Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta fitar a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2020, ya kamata a ƙara yawan adadin ƙarfe na eAF a cikin jimlar ɗanyen ƙarfe zuwa 15. % ~ 20% nan da 2025. Haɓaka samar da ƙarfe na eAF zai ƙara haɓaka buƙatun ultra-high power graphite electrodes.Halin ci gaban wutar lantarki na gida yana da tsayi kuma babba, wanda ke ba da ƙarin buƙatu don ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ultra-high power graphite electrode.
2.2 Matsayin samarwa na graphite lantarki
Electrode graphite muhimmin abin amfani ne don ƙera ƙarfe na eAF.Hoto na 4 ya nuna karfin samarwa da kuma fitar da lantarki mai graphite a kasar Sin a cikin shekaru 5 da suka gabata.Ƙarfin samar da lantarki na graphite ya karu daga 1050kT /a a cikin 2016 zuwa 2200kt/a a cikin 2020, tare da haɓakar haɓakar shekara-shekara na 15.94%.Wadannan shekaru biyar sune tsawon saurin girma na ƙarfin samar da lantarki na graphite, da kuma zagayowar zagayowar saurin haɓaka masana'antar graphite lantarki.Kafin 2017, da graphite lantarki masana'antu a matsayin gargajiya masana'antu masana'antu da high makamashi amfani da kuma high gurbatawa, manyan gida graphite lantarki Enterprises rage samar, kananan da kuma matsakaici-sized graphite lantarki Enterprises fuskanci ƙulli, kuma ko da kasa da kasa lantarki Kattai dole dakatar da samar. sake siyarwa da fita.A cikin 2017, tasiri da kuma kore ta hanyar tsarin gudanarwa na kasa na tilasta kawar da "karfe mashaya bene", farashin graphite lantarki a kasar Sin ya tashi sosai.Ƙarfafa ta hanyar ribar da ta wuce kima, kasuwar lantarki ta graphite ta haifar da yunƙurin sake dawowa da haɓakawa.
A shekarar 2019, yawan fitilun lantarki na graphite a kasar Sin ya kai wani sabon matsayi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, inda ya kai 1189kT.A cikin 2020, fitowar graphite electrode ya ragu zuwa 1020kT saboda ƙarancin buƙata da annobar ta haifar.Amma gabaɗaya, masana'antar graphite electrode na kasar Sin suna da babban ƙarfin aiki, kuma adadin amfani ya ragu daga kashi 70% a shekarar 2017 zuwa kashi 46 cikin 100 a shekarar 2020, sabon ƙarancin ƙarfin amfani.
2.3 Binciken buƙatar coke na allura a cikin masana'antar lantarki ta graphite
Haɓaka karfen eAF zai fitar da buƙatun ultra-high power graphite electrode.An kiyasta cewa bukatar graphite lantarki zai zama kusan 1300kt a shekarar 2025, kuma bukatar danyen coke na allura zai kasance kusan 450kT.Domin a samar da manyan size da matsananci-high ikon graphite electrode da haɗin gwiwa, mai tushen allura coke ne mafi alhẽri daga kwal tushen coke, da rabo daga graphite electrode ta bukatar man na tushen allura coke za a kara karuwa, mamaye sararin kasuwa na kwal na tushen allura coke.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 23-2022