Ka'idar aiki na electrodes na graphite masu ƙarfi sosai.

Ka'idar aiki na electrodes na graphite masu ƙarfi (UHP) ta dogara ne akan yanayin fitar da iskar gas. Ta hanyar amfani da yanayin watsa wutar lantarki na musamman, juriya ga zafin jiki mai yawa, da kuma halayen injiniya, waɗannan electrodes suna ba da damar canza makamashin lantarki cikin ingantaccen makamashin zafi a cikin yanayin narkewar zafi mai zafi, ta haka ne ke haifar da tsarin ƙarfe. Ga cikakken bayani game da manyan hanyoyin aikinsu:

1. Fitar da iska da kuma Canza Makamashin Wutar Lantarki zuwa na Zafi

1.1 Tsarin Samar da Arc
Idan aka haɗa na'urorin lantarki na UHP graphite a cikin kayan aikin narkewa (misali, tanderun lantarki), suna aiki azaman hanyar watsa wutar lantarki. Fitar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi yana haifar da baka mai lantarki tsakanin ƙarshen lantarki da cajin tanda (misali, ƙarfe mai yashi, ma'adinan ƙarfe). Wannan baka ya ƙunshi tashar plasma mai sarrafawa wanda aka samar ta hanyar ionization na gas, tare da yanayin zafi sama da 3000°C - wanda ya fi zafin ƙonewa na al'ada.

1.2 Ingancin Watsa Makamashi
Zafin da bakan ke samarwa yana narkar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye. Mafi kyawun wutar lantarki na lantarki (tare da juriya mai ƙarancin 6–8 μΩ·m) yana tabbatar da ƙarancin asarar kuzari yayin watsawa, yana inganta amfani da wutar lantarki. Misali, a cikin injin ƙarfe na lantarki (EAF), lantarki, lantarki na UHP na iya rage zagayowar narkewa da sama da kashi 30%, wanda ke ƙara yawan aiki sosai.

2. Kayayyakin Kaya da Tabbatar da Aiki

2.1 Daidaiton Tsarin Zafi Mai Tsayi
Juriyar ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki ta samo asali ne daga tsarin lu'ulu'unsu: ƙwayoyin carbon masu layi-layi suna samar da hanyar haɗin covalent ta hanyar haɗakar sp², tare da ɗaurewa tsakanin layuka ta hanyar ƙarfin van der Waals. Wannan tsarin yana riƙe da ƙarfin injiniya a 3000°C kuma yana ba da juriyar girgiza mai ban mamaki (daga jure canjin zafin jiki har zuwa 500°C/min), yana yin aiki fiye da na'urorin ƙarfe.

2.2 Juriya ga Faɗaɗa da Ƙurawa a Zafi
Na'urorin lantarki na UHP suna nuna ƙarancin ma'aunin faɗaɗa zafi (1.2×10⁻⁶/°C), suna rage canje-canje a girma a yanayin zafi mai yawa da kuma hana fashewar abubuwa saboda matsin zafi. Ana inganta juriyarsu ta hanyar amfani da allurar coke da kuma hanyoyin graphitization na zamani, wanda ke tabbatar da daidaiton girma yayin aiki mai tsawo.

2.3 Juriyar Iskar Iska da Tsatsa
Ta hanyar haɗa antioxidants (misali, borides, silicide) da kuma shafa fenti mai laushi, zafin farko na oxidation na electrodes yana ƙaruwa sama da 800°C. Rashin daidaiton sinadarai akan narkakken narkewa yayin narkewa yana rage yawan amfani da electrode, yana tsawaita tsawon rai zuwa sau 2-3 fiye da na electrodes na gargajiya.

3. Dacewar Tsarin Aiki da Inganta Tsarin

3.1 Yawan Yanzu da Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki
Na'urorin lantarki na UHP suna tallafawa yawan wutar lantarki da ya wuce 50 A/cm². Idan aka haɗa su da na'urorin canza wutar lantarki masu ƙarfin gaske (misali, 100 MVA), suna ba da damar shigar da wutar lantarki ta tanda ɗaya da ta wuce 100 MW. Wannan ƙirar tana hanzarta yawan shigar da zafi yayin narkewa - misali, rage yawan amfani da makamashi a kowace tan na silicon a cikin samar da ferrosilicon zuwa ƙasa da 8000 kWh.

3.2 Amsar Mai Sauƙi da Kula da Tsarin Aiki
Tsarin narkewar na zamani yana amfani da Smart Electrode Regulators (SERs) don ci gaba da sa ido kan matsayin lantarki, canjin halin yanzu, da tsawon baka, yana kiyaye yawan amfani da lantarki a cikin ƙarfe 1.5–2.0 kg/t. Tare da sa ido kan yanayin wutar lantarki (misali, rabon CO/CO₂), wannan yana inganta ingancin haɗin wutar lantarki da caji.

3.3 Haɗin kai tsakanin Tsarin da Inganta Ingancin Makamashi
Tsarin amfani da na'urorin lantarki na UHP yana buƙatar tallafi ga kayayyakin more rayuwa, gami da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa (misali, haɗin kai tsaye na 110 kV), kebul masu sanyaya ruwa, da kuma na'urorin tattara ƙura masu inganci. Fasahar dawo da zafi mai lalacewa (misali, haɗakar wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki daga iskar gas) tana haɓaka ingancin makamashi gaba ɗaya zuwa sama da kashi 60%, wanda ke ba da damar amfani da makamashi mai yawa.

Wannan fassarar tana kiyaye daidaiton fasaha yayin da take bin ƙa'idodin kalmomin ilimi/masana'antu, tana tabbatar da tsabta ga masu sauraro na musamman.