Tsarin ƙaura da canjin yanayi na abubuwan da aka gano kamar sodium (Na), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), da calcium (Ca) a cikin petroleum coke yayin calcination suna da alaƙa da yanayin zafi, siffofin faruwa, da halayen sinadarai. Takamaiman tsarin sune kamar haka:
1. Hijira da Sauyawar Sodium (Na)
- Matakan ƙarancin zafin jiki (<1000°C): Sodium galibi yana wanzuwa ne a cikin nau'in gishirin da ba na halitta ba (misali, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride) ko hadaddun halittu, tare da ƙarancin canjin yanayi. Yayin da zafin ke ƙaruwa, yana rikidewa a hankali ya zama iskar gas (misali, Na₂O) ko hydroxides (misali, NaOH).
- Matakin zafin jiki mai yawa (>1000°C): Sauyin sodium yana ƙaruwa sosai. Abubuwan da aka samar da sulfur da chlorine (misali, Na₂S, NaCl) suna raguwa ko ruɓewa cikin sauƙi a yanayin zafi mai yawa, wanda ke sa sodium ya fita cikin yanayin iskar gas.
- Abubuwan da ke tasiri: Yanayin calcination (haɓaka iska/ragewa) yana shafar saurin rushewar sodium sosai. A ƙarƙashin yanayin ragewa, sodium yana da yuwuwar ya yi rauni a cikin nau'in sulfide.
2. Hijira da Sauyawar Vanadium (V)
- Siffofi na faruwa: Vanadium a cikin petroleum coke galibi yana samuwa ne a cikin siffofi masu ɗaure da sinadarai (misali, vanadyl porphyrins) da siffofi masu karko (misali, vanadium oxides, silicates).
- Matakan ƙarancin zafin jiki (<1100°C): Vanadium mai ɗaure da sinadarai na halitta yana raguwa a hankali tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki, yana canzawa zuwa nau'ikan da ke narkewa cikin ruwa, waɗanda za a iya musanya su da ion, ko kuma waɗanda ke ɗaure da carbonate. Wasu vanadium suna amsawa da ma'adanai na calcium da iron don samar da ƙananan abubuwan da ke narkewa.
- Matakin zafin jiki mai yawa (>1100°C): Sauyin vanadium yana ƙaruwa sosai. Vanadium mai ɗaure da sinadarai yana ruɓewa cikin sauri zuwa nau'in iskar gas mai suna VOₓ (misali, VO, V₂O₅), yayin da vanadium mai ƙarfi (misali, V₂O₃) ya narke kaɗan kuma ya saki ƙaramin adadin vanadium a yanayin zafi mai yawa.
- Abubuwan da ke tasiri: Yanayin zafi, yawan ƙonewa, da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin ma'adinai suna shafar canjin vanadium. A yanayin zafi mai yawa, vanadium yana samar da tsarin nanocrystalline tare da silicon da sulfur, wanda ke haifar da raguwar volatilization a cikin sigar iskar gas.
3. Hijira da Sauyawar Nickel (Ni)
- Siffofi na faruwa: Nickel a cikin petroleum coke galibi yana wanzuwa a cikin nau'in sulfide (Ni₃S₂), oxides (NiO2), ko silicates.
- Matakan ƙarancin zafin jiki (<900°C): Nickel yana wanzuwa a matsayin Ni₃S₂, tare da ƙarancin canjin yanayi.
- Matsakaicin matakin zafin jiki (900–1200°C): Ni₃S₂ yana canzawa a hankali zuwa NiS a cikin ruwa mai narkewa, yana kaiwa ga kololuwar abun ciki na NiS na kimanin 22.4% a 1200°C, kafin ya koma Ni₃S₂ yayin da zafin ke ƙaruwa.
- Matakan zafin jiki mai yawa (>1400°C): Nickel yana narkewa a cikin nau'in mahaɗan iskar gas (misali, Ni(g), NiS(g)), amma Ni₃S₂ ba ya canzawa kai tsaye zuwa Ni(s) mai ƙarfi.
- Abubuwan da ke tasiri: Abubuwan da ke haifar da iskar gas (misali, O₂, H₂O) suna shafar saurin canza nickel. Ƙara O₂ yana hana canza Ni₃S₂ zuwa Ni na elemental kuma yana hana samuwar mahaɗan spinel (misali, NiAl₂O₄).
4. Hijira da Sauyawar Calcium (Ca)
- Siffofi na faruwa: Calcium a cikin man fetur coke galibi yana samuwa ne a cikin nau'in carbonates (CaCO₃), sulfates (CaSO₄), ko silicates.
- Matakan ƙarancin zafin jiki (<800°C): Carbonates suna narkewa zuwa CaO da CO₂, yayin da sulfates ke narkewa zuwa CaO da SO₃, wanda ke haifar da wadatar sinadarin calcium a cikin siffa ta oxide.
- Matsakaicin zafin jiki (800–1200°C): CaO yana yin aiki da silicon da aluminum don samar da ma'adanai masu ƙarancin narkewa (misali, anorthite CaAl₂Si₂O₈), tare da wasu ƙwayoyin calcium da ke cikin siffa mai ƙarfi.
- Matakin zafin jiki mai yawa (>1200°C): Rashin ƙarfin sinadarin calcium yana da ƙasa, amma ma'adanai masu ƙarancin narkewa na iya narkewa ko ruɓewa a yanayin zafi mai yawa, wanda ke sa sinadarin calcium ya yi ƙaura a cikin iskar gas ko ruwa.
- Abubuwan da ke tasiri: Yawan sinadarin calcium yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar rabon silica-alumina da rabon ƙarfe-calcium. Ƙara yawan sinadarin silica-alumina yana haɓaka canza FeV₂O₄ zuwa V₂O₃, yayin da ƙaruwa a cikin rabon ƙarfe-calcium yana hana samuwar CaAl₂Si₂O₈.
Tsarin Cikakkun Bayanai
- Dogaro da yanayin zafi: Yawan volatilization na abubuwan da aka gano yana ƙaruwa da zafin jiki, amma kewayon zafin volatilization ya bambanta sosai tsakanin abubuwa (misali, vanadium volatilize sosai sama da 1100°C, yayin da nickel ya zama mai mahimmanci sama da 1400°C).
- Tasirin siffofin faruwa: Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da kwayoyin halitta (misali, vanadium na halitta) sun fi canzawa fiye da siffofin da ba su da ƙarfi (misali, vanadium oxides).
- Kula da martanin sinadarai: Ana sarrafa canjin yanayin sinadarai ta hanyar amsawa da sulfur da chlorine, wanda ke samar da ƙananan wuraren narkewa ko mahaɗan iskar gas (misali, Na₂S, VOₓ).
- Umarnin inganta tsari: Sarrafa zafin calcination, yanayi, da ƙari (misali, masu gyara rabo na silica-alumina) na iya danne yanayin canjin abubuwa masu cutarwa da kuma inganta ingancin calcined coke.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-17-2026