Menene coke mai siffar graphitized?

Coke Mai Zane-zanen Man Fetur: Kayan Carbon Mai Aiki Mai Kyau Da Aka Samu Daga Man Fetur Coke

Coke mai siffar petroleum coke wani abu ne da ake samarwa ta hanyar sanya coke mai amfani da man fetur a cikin maganin graphitization mai zafi (yawanci 2,800°C–3,000°C). Babban fasalinsa yana cikin sake tsara ƙwayoyin carbon a cikin coke mai yawan zafin jiki zuwa tsarin lu'ulu'u mai layi kusa da graphite na halitta, wanda ke ƙara haɓaka halayensa na zahiri da na sinadarai sosai. Ga cikakken bincike:

I. Halayen Muhimmi: Inganta Aiki ta hanyar Zane-zane

1. Yawan sinadarin Carbon da ƙarancin ƙazanta
   • Yawan sinadarin carbon ya wuce kashi 98%, yawan sinadarin sulfur ya kai ƙasa da kashi <0.05%, tare da toka da abubuwa masu canzawa ƙasa da na yau da kullun fiye da man fetur na yau da kullun. Wannan tsafta mai yawa ya sa ya dace da masana'antar ƙarfe, sinadarai, da sauran masana'antu.
2. Kyakkyawan Wutar Lantarki da Zafin Jiki
   • Grafitization yana ƙirƙirar tsari mai layi-layi akai-akai, yana rage juriyar ƙaura ta lantarki. Juriya tana raguwa zuwa 5–7 μΩ·m (idan aka kwatanta da 8–12 μΩ·m ga coke na yau da kullun), tana kusantar da ƙarfin lantarki na graphite na halitta.
3. Babban Kwanciyar Hankali da Rashin Daidaito a Sinadarai
   • Yana kiyaye daidaiton tsari a yanayin zafi mai yawa (misali, >1,600°C a cikin tanderun lantarki da ake yin ƙarfe) kuma yana tsayayya da amsawar acid/alkalis. Ya dace da kayan da ke hana ruwa gudu da kuma masu samar da wutar lantarki masu zafi sosai.
4. Babban Yawan Sha da Ƙarancin Daidaito na Faɗaɗawar Zafi (CTE)
   • Tsarin ramuka (30-50% porosity) da ƙarancin CTE (~1.5–2.5×10⁻⁶/°C) sun yi fice a aikace-aikace kamar carburizers da man shafawa.

II. Tsarin Samarwa: Manyan Matakai a Tsarin Zafin Zafi Mai Tsanani

1. Maganin Kayan Danye Kafin A Yi
   • Zaɓi coke mai ƙarancin sulfur, mai ƙarancin toka (misali, coke na allura ko coke na soso daga coking da aka jinkirta). A niƙa, a tace, sannan a daidaita girman barbashi (misali, 0–1 mm, 1–3 mm).
2. Zafin Zafi Mai Tsayi
   • Hanyar Acheson Furnace ta Gargajiya: Haɗa man fetur coke da sinadaran graphitizing (misali, yashi mai siffar quartz) sannan a dumama zuwa 2,800–3,000°C a cikin tanda mai jurewa na tsawon awanni 20–50. Yawan amfani da makamashi mai yawa (6,000–8,000 kWh/tan) amma kayan aiki masu inganci.
   • Hanyar Zamani ta Ci gaba da Tanderu: Yi amfani da tanderun bututu masu juyi ko masu juyi waɗanda aka kare da iskar gas mara aiki (N₂/Ar) don saurin dumama/sanyaya (lokacin zagayowar: awanni 24–48). Yawan amfani da makamashi ya ragu zuwa 3,500 kWh/ton, tare da tsafta mafi girma (toka <0.1%).
3. Bayan Sarrafawa
   • Sanyaya, niƙa, kuma a goge coke ɗin da aka zana a jikin allo. A shafa murfin saman (misali, pitch) ko kuma sinadarin tururi (CVD) don inganta aiki bisa ga buƙatun abokin ciniki.

III. Aikace-aikace: "Kayan Aiki Mai Yawa" Don Masana'antar Ƙarfe da Sinadarai

1. Masana'antar Ƙarfe
   • Electrodes na Graphite: Babban kayan da ake amfani da shi wajen yin ƙarfe a cikin tanderun lantarki, wanda ke jure yanayin zafi mai yawa da kwararar ruwa don inganta inganci.
   • Carburizer: Yana ƙara yawan sinadarin carbon (>90% sha) cikin sauri a cikin simintin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi/toka yayin da yake rage sulfur (<0.05%) don haɓaka ingancin siminti.
   • Kayan da ke hana ruwa shiga: Ana amfani da su a cikin tubalin carbon ko gaurayen ramming don rufin tanderu mai zafi don tsawaita tsawon rai.
2. Masana'antar Sinadarai
   • Samar da Silicon Carbide: Yana aiki a matsayin tushen carbon wanda ke amsawa tare da SiO₂ don samar da abrasives masu ƙarfi da juriya ga lalacewa na silicon carbide.
   • Kayan Baturi: Coke mai girman Nano yana inganta aikin caji/fitar da batirin lithium-ion.
3. Sauran Aikace-aikace
   • Man shafawa: Tsarin da aka yi da yadudduka da ƙarancin gogayya yana ba da damar amfani da shi azaman man shafawa mai ƙarfi a cikin injina.
   • Ƙarin Roba/Roba: Yana ƙara ƙarfin lantarki ko kuma hana tasirin hana motsi.

IV. Kwatantawa da Man Fetur na Ordinary

V. Darajar Kasuwa da Sauye-sauye

Sakamakon karuwar motocin kera ƙarfe da sabbin makamashi a cikin tanderun lantarki, buƙatar coke mai siffar graphitized yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Fasahar murhu ta zamani mai ci gaba tana rage farashin samarwa da kashi 40-50% idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin gargajiya, wanda ke ba da damar faɗaɗa zuwa aikace-aikacen matsakaici. Ci gaban da za a samu a nan gaba, kamar rage hydrogen da dumama microwave, yana da alƙawarin samar da kayayyaki masu inganci da kuma kore.