An shirya amfani da fasahar kera ƙarfe ta amfani da wutar lantarki (EAF) don ci gaba da haifar da ƙaruwar buƙatar na'urorin lantarki na graphite, tare da manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan daga haɗin gwiwar jagororin manufofi, ci gaban fasaha, da buƙatun kasuwa. Binciken musamman shine kamar haka:
I. Umarnin da aka Dora kan Manufofi: Karin Kaso na Yin Karfe na EAF Ya Fadada Tushen Bukatar Electrodes na Graphite
1. Manufar Sauya Ƙarfin Kasar Sin A Ƙarƙashin Manufofin "Kamar Carbon Biyu"
Kasar Sin na shirin kara yawan aikin yin karfe na EAF daga kashi 10% zuwa kashi 15% zuwa kashi 20% nan da shekarar 2025, manufar da za ta kara yawan bukatar lantarki na graphite kai tsaye. Misali, idan aka yi hasashen bukatar lantarki na graphite a aikin yin karfe na EAF ta kai tan 860,000 a shekarar 2025, wanda ke wakiltar karuwar kusan kashi 10% a shekara bayan shekara, karuwar bukatar za ta kara fadada idan kaso ya karu zuwa kashi 20%.
2. Sake Bukatar Karfe a Duniya da Matsi na Muhalli
Ana sa ran buƙatar ƙarfe a duniya za ta sake farfaɗowa da kashi 1.2% zuwa tan biliyan 1.772 a shekarar 2025. Tare da ƙa'idodin muhalli na duniya kamar tsarin daidaita iyakokin carbon na EU (CBAM), yin ƙarfe na tanderun fashewa na gargajiya (tare da hayakin carbon mafi girma da kashi 60%-70% fiye da EAFs) yana fuskantar matsin lamba mai yawa don dakatar da shi, wanda hakan ya sa rungumar yin ƙarfe na EAF ya zama wani yanayi na duniya.
II. Ci gaban Fasaha: Electrodes ɗin Graphite Mai Ƙarfi Mai Girma a Matsayin Babban Kayan Aiki don Inganta Ingancin EAF
1. Bukatun Aiki Mai Tsauri ga Electrodes na Graphite a cikin Tsarin EAF
Na'urorin lantarki na graphite masu ƙarfi sosai (UHP), waɗanda aka siffanta su da ƙarancin juriya (≤6 μΩ·m) da ƙarfin lanƙwasa mai yawa (≥15 MPa), suna da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen haɓaka ingancin EAF. Yayin da ƙarfin baka ke ƙaruwa, hanyoyin narkewa suna buƙatar na'urorin lantarki na graphite masu juriyar iskar shaka da juriyar girgizar zafi, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar buƙatar samfuran masu inganci.
2. Ƙara yawan masu amfani da Kasuwa a Kayayyakin da ke da inganci
Nan da shekarar 2025, ana sa ran farashin na'urorin lantarki na UHP zai wuce RMB 18,000 a kowace tan, tare da karuwar kasuwarsu zuwa sama da kashi 60% na jimillar buƙatun. Manyan kamfanoni (misali, Fangda Carbon da Graftech) sun sami babban matsayi a kasuwar mai girma ta hanyar mallakar fasaha, yayin da ƙananan da matsakaitan kamfanoni (SMEs) ke ficewa saboda matsin lamba na muhalli da farashi, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar yawan masana'antu a tsakanin manyan 'yan wasa.
III. Masu Haɓaka Bukatar Kasuwa: Amfani Mai Tsanani a Yin Karfe na EAF da Faɗaɗawa zuwa Sassan Masu Tasowa
1. Halayen Amfani Mai Tauri na Yin Karfe na EAF
Yin ƙarfe na EAF yana cinye kimanin kilogiram 1.5-2.5 na lantarkin graphite a kowace tan na ƙarfe, wanda ke nuna ƙarfin buƙatarsa sosai. Duk da cewa yawan amfani da tan ya ragu daga kilogiram 3.5 zuwa kilogiram 1.2 saboda yawan amfani da EAFs (misali, tanderun baka na lantarki sama da 100T) da kuma inganta tsarin narkewa, buƙatar gaba ɗaya tana ci gaba da ƙaruwa tare da faɗaɗa ƙarfin aiki.
2. Ƙaruwar Bukatu daga Sassan da ke Tasowa
- Sabuwar Bangaren Makamashi: Samar da kayan anode na batirin lithium-ion ya dogara ne akan kayayyakin graphite. Ana hasashen cewa fitar da kayan anode na duniya zai kai tan miliyan 2.625 a shekarar 2025, inda China ke da sama da kashi 98%, wanda hakan ke haifar da buƙatar sarrafa graphitization na lantarki na graphite.
- Bangaren Semiconductor: Ana amfani da na'urorin lantarki masu inganci na graphite a cikin tanderun girma na lu'ulu'u da kayan aikin sassaka, suna buƙatar matakin tsarki sama da 99.999%. Bukatar da ake da ita ga guntuwar 5G da AI na ƙaruwa yana haifar da ƙaruwar buƙatu a kowace shekara fiye da 15%.
- Samar da Sinadaran Silicon da Rawaya Phosphorus: Masana'antar sinadarai tana buƙatar na'urori masu ƙarfi da dorewa, inda na'urorin lantarki masu launin graphite suka mamaye.
IV. Kalubalen Masana'antu da Martani: Gyaran Tsarin Gida Tsakanin Matsi na Kuɗi da Takamaiman Muhalli
1. Yawan Farashi na Kayan Dashen Kaya
A farkon shekarar 2025, farashin allurar coke ya karu da RMB 5,500 a kowace tan cikin rabin wata zuwa RMB 32,000 a kowace tan, yayin da farashin man fetur mai ƙarancin sulfur ya wuce RMB 7,300 a kowace tan, wanda ke nuna karuwar kashi 57% a shekara-shekara. Kamfanoni suna rage farashi ta hanyar haɓaka ƙwarewar samar da allurar coke a cikin gida (misali, ta hanyar haɗa kai tsaye), wanda ke nuna fa'idar gasa ta manyan kamfanoni.
2. Manufofin Muhalli Suna Haɓaka Ƙarfin Aiki
Takunkumin muhalli a yankuna kamar Hebei da Henan ya haifar da matsin lamba na samar da kayayyaki lokaci-lokaci, yayin da yawan amfani da makamashi na hanyoyin graphitization ke takaita fadada karfin aiki. Kamfanoni dole ne su kafa tsarin "sake samarwa-dawo da kuma sake farfaɗo da shi" a rufe don bin ka'idojin muhalli na duniya kamar EU CBAM.
Kammalawa: Karɓar Karfe na EAF a matsayin Babban Injin don Ci gaban Bukatar Graphite Electrode
Saboda haɗakar ƙarfin manufofi, ci gaban fasaha, da buƙatun kasuwa, karɓuwa da aka samu daga yin ƙarfe na EAF zai ci gaba da haɓaka buƙatar lantarki ta graphite. Duk da ƙalubale kamar hauhawar farashin kayan masarufi da ƙuntatawa na muhalli, masana'antar tana haɗa dabarun haɓaka buƙatu ta hanyar manyan hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki (misali, na'urorin lantarki na UHP), hankali (misali, fasahar dijital tagwaye), da sauye-sauyen kore (misali, tsarin rufewa). Idan aka duba gaba, manyan kamfanoni masu ajiyar fasaha da ƙarfin haɗin kai tsaye za su mamaye yanayin kasuwa, yayin da haɗin gwiwar sassa daban-daban (misali, R&D mai haɗin gwiwa tsakanin batirin graphene da na'urorin lantarki) na iya zama manyan ci gaba don shawo kan matsalolin ci gaba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-20-2025